Kuvamile ukubona imindeni eminingi ehlala emaphandleni noma enezindlu zokuya ngezimpelasonto. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izitofu zokhuni namalahle ukufudumeza indlu. Kodwa-ke, leli siko lasekhaya linemithelela ehlukahlukene emvelweni.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge- umthelela wezemvelo wezitofu zokhuni namalahle ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nezinye izindlela zokubhekana nakho. Ngabe ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngale nkinga yemvelo? Qhubeka ufunde.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitofu zokhuni
Izinkuni zokubasa zisetshenziswe kuwo wonke umlando ukufudumeza amakhaya emhlabeni wonke lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi. Kuthathwa njengohlobo lwensiza yemvelo ekhishwe emvelweni nokuthi, ngomlilo wayo, isinikeza ukushisa okwanele ukulwa namakhaza asebusika. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni kubambe ukuguquguquka okuthile okufana ne- kube ezomnotho, ezemvelo, ezenhlalo, ezobuchwepheshe, ezenhlalo namasiko.
Imvamisa basebenzela ukupheka nokufudumeza ngaphandle kokunikeza ubudlelwano obuhle emphakathini. Ubani ongathandi ukuchitha impelasonto enhle ezungezwe ngabathandekayo endlini yasemakhaya enendawo yokubasa umlilo phakathi nobusika. Iqiniso ukuthi yisimo esimnandi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwaso okusabalale ngokwenhlalo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe nokusakazwa kwalolu hlobo lwesitofu kungaba yinkinga yokungcola.
Okwamanje kuyadabukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu kakhulu kuvela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Le yimithombo yamandla engavuseleleki futhi yenziwa ngezinqubo ezinde zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Izinkuni zokubasa zidinga inqubo yokusha ukuze inikeze ukushisa okudingeka kakhulu futhi, ngale nqubo, ikhipha uchungechunge lwamagesi abamba ukushisa abamba iqhaza ekufudumaleni komhlaba.
Umthelela wezemvelo wokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zokubasa
Kokubili izitofu zokhuni namalahle ziyimithombo yamandla engavuseleleki ngakho-ke ziyangcolisa lapho zisetshenziswa. Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinkuni zokubasa ukuthi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alkali, umswakama ophansi kanye ne-heterogeneity enkulu ezintweni zokwakha lapho kuvela khona inqubo yomlilo.
Futhi kungukuthi lapho sishisa izinkuni asikhiphi isikhutha namanzi kuphela (njengakumunye umlilo), kepha amanye amakhompiyutha nawo akhiqizwa. Phakathi kwalezi zinto sithola i-aldehydes, i-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (eyaziwa njenge-PAH's), izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ezifana nama-dioxin (ayingozi kakhulu empilweni nasemvelweni) athathwa njenge-mutagenic. La ma-dioxin anosayizi wezinhlayiyana ophefumulayo womuntu futhi angaba nomthelela ezifweni zofuzo.
Lezi zinto ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokushisa komlilo ezitofu zithinta imvelo ezungezile nayo yonke leyo ndawo lapho kufika khona amagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi ekhaya futhi uphefumula ingxenye enkulu yala magesi nama-dioxin ekhishwa ngesikhathi kusha izinkuni.
Umthelela kubantu
Izitofu zezinkuni zikhipha phakathi kuka-10 no-180 amagremu ekhabhoni monoxide ikhilogremu ngalinye lokhuni olusetshenzisiwe. Lo gesi unemiphumela emibi kubantu uma uxubana negazi. Sithola izinkinga njengokuncipha kwamazinga e-oksijini, athinta inhliziyo. Uma ukugxila kukhuphuka, singakwazi ulahlekelwe ukwazi futhi ube nokulimala kobuchopho okuholela ekufeni. Lezi zimo zobuthi be-carbon monoxide zaziwa ngokuthi ukufa okuyi-placid, ngoba awazi ukuthi ufaka nini ubuthi.
Enye igesi ekhishwa ngesikhathi somlilo esitofini sezinkuni yi-nitrogen dioxide. Kulokhu, inkinga yenzeka lapho ivezwa isikhathi eside, idala izifo zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Sithola amacala amaningana lapho imindeni isebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesitofu isikhathi eside noma isandisa nobusika bonke. Njengoba bahlala besho, ngumthamo owenza ubuthi.
Ngesikhathi sokusha kwezinkuni, kukhishwa nesibabule dioxide okuyi, ekugxileni okuphezulu, kuveza ukukhwehlela, ukuminyana kwesifuba, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, ngisho ne-bronchitis. Lezi zinhlayiya ezisemoyeni zingadala inyumoniya nesifuba somoya.
Izici zomphakathi nezemvelo
Ngokusobala akukho okuzokwenzeka ukuhamba ngempelasonto futhi kube ngaphansi komlilo isitofu sokhuni noma samalahle esisinikeza sona. Kepha uma lokho kuvezwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kulapho kufika izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, imithelela ekhiqizwa emvelweni ingenxa yenani lamakhaya asemakhaya analolu hlobo lokushisa ebusika hhayi imvamisa kangako.
Indlu eyodwa ingaba nesitofu sezinkuni esisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto ukuthi umthelela uzoba mncane. Kepha kwanele lokho Izindlu ezingama-200 zinayo ngempelasonto eyodwa ukuze ukukhishwa kwegesi kubonakale.
Izici ze-ecosystem zibhekisa kulezo zinto zemvelo ezingalimala ngokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesitofu. Kuzofanele sihlaziye inani lemvelo lezindawo esikuzo, ngoba umthelela wezemvelo awunakwenziwa lapho kungekho khona inani. Izimila nezilwane kanye ne-hydrology kanye ne-geology yendawo kuyizinto ezinquma umthelela wezemvelo.
Ezinye izindlela
Ukuze sinciphise umthelela wemvelo wezitofu zezinkuni namalahle ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, sithola ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa. Esinye sazo izitofu ze-pellet. Nakuba kusasebenza njengophethiloli we-biomass, ikwenza ngendlela ehlukile. I-pellet ifaka isandla emlilweni ococekile futhi izitofu zikulungele ukungakhiphi amagesi ngaphakathi kwekhaya. La magesi aqondiswa ngaphandle.
Enye indlela izitofu ze-bioethanol. Lokhu kusebenza ngokushiswa kotshwala obucwengekile obuvela emikhiqizweni yezolimo njengamazambane, umoba, ummbila nebhali. Lolu hlobo lwesitofu lunenzuzo yokuthi lungalawula inani lokushisa esingalikhipha.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngalo mthelela wezemvelo.