Njengoba sazi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithala endaweni yonke. Uhlobo ngalunye lomthala lunezici eziyingqayizivele kanye nokuma okukhethekile. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma nge- I-Sombrero Galaxy. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Messier 104 galaxy, i-Sombrero Galaxy, ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingu-30 ukusuka lapho ukukhanya kwe-light-year, ithola igama layo ngendlela engavamile futhi ingenye yemithala edume kakhulu ye-lenticular.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana galaxy Sombrero, izici zayo kanye curiosities.
Iyini i-Sombrero Galaxy?
I-Galaxy ye-Sombrero iwumthala we-lenticular oqhele ngeminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingama-28 ukusuka eMhlabeni. Kusukela ezingeni eliphansi libhekwa kusukela onqenqemeni, futhi indandatho enkulu egcwele uthuli olumnyama kanye nengqikithi evelele echazwe kahle ingaxazululwa, kodwa izikhathi eziningi ayibukeki ichazwe kahle ngeso lenyama, kanti ezinye izinto zincane I-telescope. uzokwenza iqhinga.
Iwumthala onjenge-lenticular, okungukuthi, imise okwelensi futhi ayinawo ama-spiral, njengoba ingakhiqizi izinkanyezi. Iqukethe ingqikithi ene-chiseled disk nxazonke zayo, nakuba inothuli oluningi olumnyama. Ububanzi bayo busuka ku-50.000 kuya ku-140.000 light years. Ubukhulu bayo obubonakalayo (njengoba bubonwa eMhlabeni) buyi-9 x 4 arc imizuzu, ingxenye yesihlanu kwezingu-30 zeNyanga kanye nesisindo samalanga angaphezu kuka-800.000 XNUMX, noma kabili kweleMilky Way.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-NASA lubonise ukuthi i-Sombrero Galaxy ikhanya kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-radius ye-10 MPC. Izinkanyezi zakhona zikhanya ngokwedlulele futhi zihlukaniswa njengeqembu lohlobo lwesibili ngenxa yokuthi zaziwa ngokuthi zindala kakhulu, kodwa izinkanyezi othulini olumnyama oluzizungezile zincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthala uyikhaya lenani elimangalisayo lamaqoqo embulunga yonke; endaweni yayo kukhona amaqoqo angaba ngu-2.000, phakathi kuka-25.000 no-70.000 weminyaka yokukhanya; ehluke kakhulu kumaqoqo angu-200 akha i-Milky Way
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi ingase ibe nomgodi omnyama omkhulu phakathi nendawo yayo, enesisindo esingaba yizigidi ezingu-1.000 zamalanga (izikhathi ezingu-250 ezinkulu kunenkaba ye-Milky Way), okuyenza ihambe emhlabeni ngesivinini esimangalisayo, ikakhulukazi i-1000. km. /s, okwenza kubonakale Isikhungo somkhathi esinomthamo omkhulu nobukhulu obukhulu.
Okuningi mayelana ne-Sombrero Galaxy
Igama
Uma ubheka izithombe zomthala noma ukuwubuka ngesibonakude, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani ubizwa ngokuthi i-Sombrero Galaxy. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma uyibuka, unqenqema lwediski kuphela olungaxazululwa, ngokutsheka okungaba amadigri ayi-6 kanye neqhubu eligqamile elakhiwe inani elikhulu lezinkanyezi, benza okubukeka njengesigqoko saseMexico.
Nokho, igama lesayensi elisetshenziswa izazi zezinkanyezi ukulibiza akulona i-Sombrero Galaxy, kodwa bakwazile ukulihlonza ngamagama amaningana:
- I-Messier 104
- I-Messier Into 104
- M104
- I-NGC 4594
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Messier ngoba yaba ngeyokuqala ukujoyina i-Messier Catalogue ngemuva kokudalwa kwayo.
Indawo
Iphakathi kwemilaza ye-Virgo ne-Corvus, eduze ne-Spica (ingxenye ye-Virgo), esetshenziselwa ukuthola i-Sombrero Galaxy. Ukwenyuka kwayo kwesokudla amahora ayi-12, imizuzu engama-39, imizuzwana engama-59,4, futhi ukwehla kwayo maqondana nendiza ye-Milky Way kungu-11° 37'23¨. Kulula ukuyibona ngesibonakude esilula, kodwa ayibhekwa njengeqoqo le-Virgo (iqoqo) njengoba liseningizimu. kwayo .
Ukutholwa kwe-Sombrero Galaxy
Umthala watholwa okokuqala isikhathi ngo-1781 futhi yamenyezelwa ngoMeyi 1783 ngusosayensi ofanayo owayithola, umFulentshi uPierre Méchain. Kwakuyindikimba yasezulwini yokuqala eyanezelwa kukhathalogi kaMesiya ngemva kokushicilelwa kwekhathalogi kaMesiya futhi yatholwa ngokuzimele nguWilhelm Herschel waseJalimane ngoMeyi 9, 1784, unyaka owodwa ngemva kokushicilelwa.
Nokho, isazi sezinkanyezi esingumFulentshi uCharles Messier asizange siwufake ohlwini lwaso siqu njengomthala, esikhundleni salokho sawuchaza njenge-dim nebula, kamuva sazisola sawubiza ngomthala, sawunikeza igama elithi M104. Kwabhapathizwa.
I-Astrophotography
Izithombe ezikhona zalo mthala zathathwa izibonakude ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezaziwa kakhulu emphakathini wesayensi yezinkanyezi, I-Hubble Space Telescope kanye ne-Subaru Space Telescope.
Izithombe zithathwa ngokukhanya okubonakalayo kanye ne-infrared, futhi zihlelwa ngisho ukuze ziveze imininingwane engabonakali ngeso lenyama, kuhlanganiswe izithombe zohlobo olufanayo (ezibonakalayo-ezibonakalayo/i-infrared-infrared) kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene (ezibonakalayo-infrared ) ukuze uthole eziningi. imininingwane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ezinye izici ze-Sombrero Galaxy
Uma ubhekwa eceleni, lo mthala ovunguzayo, obhalwe njenge-galaxy NGC 4594, ugqanyiswa ibhande elimnyama elibonakala lihlukanisa kabili ubude balo, elakhiwe amafu amakhulu amnyama. I-Sombrero Galaxy iwusayizi ophindwe kabili kowethu. Uma singabheka okwethu ngendlela efanayo, bekuyofana nalesi sigqoko. Umthala usemlaza we-Virgo, nakuba ungathathwa njengelungu leQembu le-Virgo.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luwenza umthala ogqame kakhulu endaweni eyi-10 MPC, nenani eliphelele eliphelele -22.8.2. I-M104 iphakathi kuka-50.000 no-140.000 weminyaka yokukhanya.. Inesisindo esingaba yizigidi ezingu-800.000 zamalanga. I-M104 futhi inothile ngezinhlelo zeqoqo lembulunga yonke, enezibonakude ezinkulu ezibona okungenani amaqoqo eglobula angamakhulu amaningana, alinganiselwa ku-2000 noma ngaphezulu, angaphezu kakhulu kwenani lamaqoqo ezinkanyezi azungeza i-Milky Way. Izithombe zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi umthala une-galactic halo enkulu.
Izizathu zihlanganisa iqoqo elikhulu lezinkanyezi ezibheke endaweni emaphakathi yomthala kanye nonqenqema olugqamile lothuli olumnyama oluzungeze umthala, ezibukwa ngasohlangothini ngokombono wethu. Izigidigidi zezinkanyezi zasendulo ziyimbangela yokukhanya okukhulu okumaphakathi kwe-M104, futhi ukubhekisisa iringi kuveza izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi izazi zezinkanyezi ezingakaziqondi. Iphinde ibonakala inomgodi omnyama we-solar 109 phakathi nendawo yayo. Ucwaningo olusha ngosizo lweSpitzer Infrared Telescope luphakamisa ukuthi i-M104 ingaba, Eqinisweni, umthala omkhulu oyi-elliptical ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 edlule, yathwebula izinto ezakha i-disk efakwe kuyo eyashintsha yaba yilokho esikubona namuhla.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-galaxy ye-Sombrero nezici zayo.