Ukubaluleka komswakama ku-meteorology

Umswakama ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba umusi wamanzi uhlala ukhona emoyeni wethu. Ngaphandle kokushisa komoya esiwuphefumulayo, cishe njalo unomphunga wamanzi. Sijwayele ukubona umswakama ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezibandayo zasebusika.

Amanzi angenye yezinto eziyinhloko zomkhathi futhi angatholakala kuzo zontathu izifundazwe (igesi, uketshezi nokuqina). Kule ndatshana ngizochaza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomswakama njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuthi kwenzelwe ini. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo?

Uyini umswakama? Izinhlobo zomswakama

Umswakama inani lomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni. Le mali ayihlali njalo, kepha izoncika ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, njengokuthi ngabe lina lina muva nje, uma siseduze nolwandle, uma kunezitshalo, njll. Kuya futhi ngokushisa komoya. Lokho wukuthi, njengoba umoya unciphisa izinga lokushisa kwawo uyakwazi ukugcina umhwamuko omncane wamanzi futhi yingakho kuvele inkungu lapho siphefumula, noma amazolo ebusuku. Umoya ugcwala umhwamuko wamanzi futhi awukwazi ukubamba okungako, ngakho-ke amanzi aba uketshezi futhi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi imimoya yasogwadule ikwazi kanjani ukugcina umswakama omningi kunemimoya yasemaphandleni, ngoba umoya oshisayo awugcwalisi masinyane umhwamuko wamanzi futhi uyakwazi ukuqukethe ubuningi obuningi, ngaphandle kokuthi uphenduke amanzi angamanzi.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekisa kokuqukethwe umswakama osemkhathini:

• Umswakama ophelele: inqwaba yomphunga wamanzi, ngamagremu, oqukethwe ku-1m3 womoya owomile.
• Umswakama oqondile: isisindo somhwamuko wamanzi, ngamagremu, aqukethwe ku-1 kg womoya.
• Rindawo yokuxuba: isisindo somhwamuko wamanzi, ngamagremu, ku-1 kg womoya owomile.

Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kakhulu somswakama sibizwa RH, evezwa njengephesenti (%). Kutholakala ngenxa yokwehlukanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe wumphunga osisindo somoya namandla aso wokugcina aphezulu bese uwuphindaphinda ngo-100. Yilokho engikubeke ngaphambili, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya elinamandla amaningi liba namandla, umphunga wamanzi omningi, ngakho-ke umswakama ohlobene nawo ungaphakama.

Ugcwala nini umoya?

Umthamo omkhulu wokubamba umphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela komhwamuko ogcweleyo. Leli nani libonisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lomhwamuko wamanzi elingaba nawo ungwengwezi lomoya ngaphambi kokuguqulwa lube wuketshezi.

Ngenxa yomswakama ohlobene, singaba nomqondo wokuthi isisindo somoya sisondele kangakanani ekufinyeleleni ekugcwalisweni kwaso, ngakho-ke, izinsuku lapho sizwa ukuthi umswakama ohlobene no-100% usitshela ukuthi ubukhulu bomoya abusekho ingagcina umusi omningi wamanzi futhi ukusuka lapho, noma ikuphi ukwengezwa kwamanzi kusisindo somoya kuzokwakha amaconsi amanzi (aziwa njengamazolo) noma amakristalu eqhwa, kuya ngezimo zemvelo. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi impela futhi yingakho lingenakubamba umhwamuko wamanzi amaningi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, liyakwazi ukubamba umhwamuko wamanzi amaningi ngaphandle kokugcwala, yingakho lingakhi amaconsi amanzi.

Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezisogwini, ehlobo kunomswakama omkhulu nokushisa “okunamathelayo” ngoba amathonsi amagagasi ezinsukwini ezinomoya ahlala emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ayikwazi ukwakha amaconsi amanzi noma agcwale, ngoba umoya ungagcina umusi omningi wamanzi. Yisizathu sokuthi amazolo angahlali ehlobo.

Singasigcwalisa kanjani isibalo somoya?

Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu ngendlela efanele, kufanele sicabange lapho sikhipha umusi wamanzi emlonyeni wethu phakathi nobusuku basebusika. Lowo moya esiwukhipha lapho siphefumula unezinga elithile lokushisa nomhwamuko wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ishiya imilomo yethu futhi ihlangana nomoya obandayo ngaphandle, izinga lokushisa layo lehla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokupholisa kwayo, ubukhulu bomoya bulahlekelwa amandla okuqukatha umusi, ukufinyelela kalula. Ngemuva kwalokho umhwamuko wamanzi uyajiya wenze inkungu.

Futhi, ngigqamisa ukuthi le yindlela efanayo lapho amazolo acwilisa izimoto zethu akhiwa ngobusuku obubandayo basebusika. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lapho kufanele kupholiswe khona umoya ukuze kukhiqize ukufingqana, ngaphandle kokwehluka kokuqukethwe kwawo, kubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa kwamazolo noma iphuzu lamazolo.

Kungani amafasitela emoto enenkungu futhi siyisusa kanjani?

Ukuxazulula le nkinga engenzeka kithi ebusika, ikakhulukazi ebusuku nangezinsuku zemvula, kufanele sicabange ngokugcwala komoya. Lapho singena emotweni futhi sivela emgwaqeni, okuqukethwe umhwamuko wamanzi wemoto kuqala ukukhula njengoba siphefumula futhi, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokushisa kwayo, igcwala ngokushesha okukhulu (umswakama wayo ohlobene ufinyelela ku-100%). Lapho umoya ongaphakathi emotweni usugcwele, kubangela ukuba amafasitela akhuphuke ngoba umoya awusakwazi ukubamba umhwamuko wamanzi, kepha nokho siyaqhubeka nokuphefumula futhi sikhipha umhwamuko owengeziwe wamanzi. Kungakho umoya ugcwala futhi yonke insalela iguqulwa ibe ngamanzi angamanzi.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba sigcine izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlala njalo, kepha sengeze umusi omningi wamanzi. Singakuxazulula kanjani lokhu futhi singabangeli ingozi ngenxa yokubonakala okuphansi kwengilazi enefog? Kufanele sisebenzise ukufudumeza. Usebenzisa ukufudumeza futhi ukuqondise kumakristalu, sizokhuphula izinga lokushisa lomoya okwenza likwazi ukugcina umhwamuko wamanzi amaningi ngaphandle kokugcwala. Ngale ndlela, amawindi enkungu azonyamalala futhi sikwazi ukushayela kahle, ngaphandle kwengozi eyengeziwe.

Uwulinganisa kanjani umswakama nokuhwamuka?

Umswakama uvame ukulinganiswa ngensimbi ebizwa nge-psychrometer. Lokhu kuqukethe ama-thermometer amabili afanayo, elinye lawo, elibizwa ngokuthi "i-thermometer eyomile", lisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukushisa komoya. Enye, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-thermometer emanzi", inedamu lokumbozwa ngendwangu eswakanyiswe ngentambo elifaka endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ukusebenza kulula kakhulu: amanzi acwilisa iwebhu ayahwamuka futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuthatha ukushisa okuvela emoyeni oyizungezile, okushisa kwalo kuqala ukwehla. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakamo wokuqala wobukhulu bomoya, inani lamanzi elihwamukile lizoba likhulu noma libe ngaphansi futhi ngezinga elifanayo kuzoba nokwehla okukhulu noma okuncane kokushisa kwethemometha elimanzi. Ngokuya ngalawa magugu amabili, umswakama ohlobene ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yezibalo ehlobene nawo. Ukuze kube lula kakhulu, i-thermometer ihlinzekwa ngamatafula wokungena aphindaphindiwe anikeza ngokuqondile inani lomswakama elihlobene kusuka emazingeni okushisa ama-thermometer amabili, ngaphandle kokwenza izibalo.

Kukhona enye insimbi, eqonde kakhulu kunaleyo edlule, ebizwa nge-aspyropsychrometer, lapho imoto encane iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-thermometer angena umoya ngokuqhubekayo.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uma kukhulunywa ngesimo sezulu kanye nesayensi yesimo sezulu, umswakama ubaluleke impela.