Ukutadisha isimo sezulu kufaka inkimbinkimbi enkulu nomthwalo omkhulu wemfanelo. Ngakho-ke, i- Umklomelo wesimo sezulu weNobel 2021 kososayensi abathathu abacwaningo lwabo lwe-physics nesimo sezulu luye lwaphula amashadi. Abaphumelele umklomelo kaNobel nguSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann, noGiorgio Parisi. Labososayensi abathathu bakwazile ukuchaza esinye sezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuqonda kwisayensi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-2021 Nobel Prize for Climate nokubaluleka kwayo.
Umklomelo kaNobel weSimo Sezulu 2021
Lesi simo siyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuba siye sabizwa ngezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba. Lona kanye igama lalo liphakamisa ubunzima bokuqonda kwalo. Imiphumela ingahle isuke esikalini se-athomu iye esikhungweni seplanethi futhi ithinte kokubili ukusebenza kwama-electron ajwayelekile kwisimo sezulu seplanethi yonke. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwayo.
NgoLwesibili, iSweden Academy yamklomelisa ngeqhaza lakhe kwezocwaningo kanye nomthelela wakhe ekushiseni komhlaba, futhi wamklomelisa ngeNobel Prize in Physics. Ososayensi abathathu, uSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann noGiorgio Parisi, amaphayona ocwaningweni lwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ngomthelela wesimo sezulu, bamenyezelwa njengabaphumelele kuhlelo lwango-2021.
Unobhala weSweden Academy of Sciences, uGöran Hansson, uziphulile lezi zindaba, waphawula ukuthi umklomelo owanikwa laba bacwaningi wawungenxa yeminikelo yabo emisha ekuqondeni kwethu izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba. Lo mklomelo, kanye nemiklomelo yezokwelapha, yamakhemikhali neyezincwadi emenyezelwe kuleli sonto, izokwethulwa emcimbini wokuklonyeliswa kwabafundi eStockholm ngoDisemba 8.
Ngokusho kweSweden Academy, u-Giorgio Parisi oneminyaka engu-73 ubudala wase-Italy uzuze umklomelo okhethekile ngokuthola "amaphethini afihliwe ezintweni eziyindida neziyinkimbinkimbi." Ukutholwa kwakhe kungenye yeminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu kumcabango wezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
USyukuro Manabe waseJapan noKlaus Hasselmann waseGermany bathole izindondo ngeminikelo yabo "eyisisekelo" ekumodeleni isimo sezulu. UManabe, 90, ukhombisa ukuthi okwandisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon dioxide emkhathini kubangela kanjani ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlaba likhuphuke. Lo msebenzi wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli wamanje wesimo sezulu. Ngendlela efanayo, UKlauss Hasselmann, 89, uqalise ukwakhiwa kwesimodeli esixhumanisa isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilinganisweni ze-athomu nezamaplanethi zingabelana ngezici ezithile, ezinjengeziyaluyalu nokungahleleki, futhi indlela yokuziphatha ibonakala ilawulwa yinhlanhla.
UParis wenze umnikelo wakhe wokuqala ocwaningweni lwakhe lwe-physics ngokuhlaziya ingxubevange yensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi ingilazi.noma ukujikeleza, lapho ama-athomu ensimbi exutshwa ngokungahleliwe ku-lattice yama-athomu ethusi. Yize kunama-athomu ambalwa kuphela ensimbi, aguqula amandla kazibuthe walokho okuqukethwe ngendlela ethokozisayo nephazamisayo.
UParis oneminyaka engama-73 ubudala uthole ukuthi imithetho efihlekile ithinta indlela yokuziphatha ebonakala ingahlelekile yezinto eziqinile futhi wathola indlela yokuyichaza ngezibalo. Umsebenzi wakhe awusebenzi kuphela kwi-physics, kepha futhi nasemikhakheni ehluke kakhulu njengezibalo, i-biology, i-neuroscience, kanye nokufunda ngomshini (intelligence artificial).
Ikomidi lathi lokho okutholwe ngusosayensi "Yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi abantu baqonde futhi bachaze izinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi ezibonakala zingahleliwe ngokuphelele nezimo". ISweden Academy manje isibheka ingilazi ejikelezayo njengesiqalo sokuziphatha kwesimo sezulu okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nocwaningo olwenziwa nguManab noHasselmann eminyakeni eyalandela. Futhi kunzima ukubikezela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengesimo sezulu seplanethi yethu.
UManabe, owayesebenza ePrinceton University e-United States, wahola ukwakhiwa kwamamodeli wesimo sezulu ngokomzimba ngeminyaka yama-1960, okwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kufudumeza umhlaba. Ngenxa yephethini yayo engcolile, Isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu sithathwa njengesistimu yomzimba eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokunjalo, uHasselman usebenzise ucwaningo lwakhe ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani amamodeli wesimo sezulu ethembeke, yize isimo sezulu siguquka futhi sinesiyaluyalu.
Lezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha ezingakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi uMhlaba uzophendula kanjani ekukhishweni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa zibalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu ukushisa komhlaba.
Njengoba uProfesa waseYale University uJohn Wettlaufer echaze, usosayensi wase-Italy 'wakha kusuka ekuphazamisekeni nasekushintshashintsheni kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingeni elincane', nomsebenzi kaSyukuro Manabe ukhomba ku 'thola izingxenye zenqubo eyodwa ”. Futhi uzihlanganise ukuze zibikezele ukusebenza kohlelo lomzimba oluyinkimbinkimbi. ”“ Yize besabalalisa imiklomelo phakathi kwengxenye yesimo sezulu nengxenye yesifo, empeleni kuhlobene, ”kuchaza yena.
Ukubaluleka kwe-2021 Nobel Prize for Climate
Esinye seziphetho lesi sinqumo esisishiya, ikakhulukazi okhethweni lukaManabe naseHasselman, wukudonsela abantu ezinkingeni zesimo sezulu.
Ngokusho kukaWettlaufer, ngalo mklomelo, iKomidi leNobel liphakamise ukuthi kube nobumbano phakathi kocwaningo lwesimo sezulu somhlaba (kusuka kumamilimitha kuya kusayizi womhlaba) nomsebenzi kaGiorgio Parisi. " UDkt Martin Juckes, inhloko yocwaningo kwezesayensi yomkhathi Umuntu kanye nephini lomqondisi weBritish Center for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) bathi ukubona ososayensi bewina iNobel Prize in Physics ngomsebenzi wabo wesimo sezulu "yizindaba ezinhle".
"Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kohlelo lwesimo sezulu, kuhambisana nokusongela kwesimo sezulu, kuyaqhubeka nokuphonsela inselelo ososayensi bezulu namuhla," uthe.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inkinga yesimo sezulu esibhekene nayo kuleli khulu leminyaka yenza ososayensi babeke obala noma bakwazi ukuthola izixazululo ezingaba khona. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusongela ukushintsha umhlaba esiwaziyo futhi izinhlelo zethu eziningi zezomnotho zidinga ukuzinza esinakho esimweni sezulu namuhla.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokubaluleka kweNobel Prize for Climate 2021 nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.