Un umkhumbi-ngwenya wentabamlilo Yileyo engaphansi kolwandle. Inezici ezihlukile nakuba isebenza ngokufanayo. Ukwakheka kwayo kuphinde kufane nentaba-mlilo yakudala. Zibaluleke kakhulu emjikelezweni wokwakhiwa nokucekelwa phansi kolwandle.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle, yiziphi izici zayo, imvelaphi nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iyini intabamlilo engaphansi kwamanzi
Izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kolwandle ziyisenzakalo esenzeka phansi olwandle, esifana nalokho okwenzeka eziqongweni zezintaba eziphakeme eMhlabeni, lapho udaka oluvuthayo luwela ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Lapho bekhafula udaka, bayabhidliza futhi bakhe; Zaziwa ngokulimaza indawo engaphansi kolwandle futhi zibulale izinhlobo ezikhona ezizungeze ukuqhuma, kodwa zakha ngokukhipha imisoco evumela amabhaktheriya nekhono lokusinda emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ukuze kuvele izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane.
Ukutholakala koshaka abakhulu nezinhlobo ezingaziwa kuze kube manje eSolomon Islands, lapho kunentaba-mlilo yaseKavaki, Kuwumphumela wamagesi nezinsimbi ezivela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi ezithanda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emanzini., ngokusho kwabacwaningi.
Lokhu kwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungakha amaketanga okudla amakhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ezigcwalisa izikhala lapho ezinye izinto eziphilayo zazikhona ngaphambili.
Yakhiwa kanjani intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi?
Izintaba-mlilo ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi zizalelwa emifantwini, emaphutha e-geological noma emifantwini ehlukanisa amapuleti e-tectonic. Zivela ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka zoqweqwe lomhlaba lapho udaka lodaka luzama ukufinyelela phezulu. Lapho bekhafula udaka, bakha izindawo ezintsha olwandle.
Kukholakala ukuthi kunezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 2.000 emhlabeni, ezingatholakala ngokuphephile eduze nomhlaba noma ekujuleni okungamamitha angaphezu kuka-XNUMX XNUMX. Lezi zintaba-mlilo zikhafula u-70% we-magma yazo yaminyaka yonke, esiza ukwakha uqweqwe olusha. Ukuba khona kwezikhala noma izimbobo ezishisayo kubonisa ukuthi kwenzekani intaba-mlilo endaweni. Isibonelo, eziQhingini zaseHawaiian kunomsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle ngaphandle kwezifunda ezihlukene ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Izindawo ezishisayo yizindawo lapho i-magma ikhishwa khona futhi uqweqwe luhamba phezu kwayo, kwakheka izintaba-mlilo ezintsha, ezisiza ukuqondisa iziqhingi. Izintaba-mlilo eduze kwamanzi zingakha iziqhingi olwandle; labo abajulile bakha amapuleti agqagqene futhi baguqule amasistimu ezinto eziphilayo aphansi.
Ziyingozi?
Intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi iMarsili
Nakuba izintaba-mlilo eziningi ezingaphansi kolwandle zingeyona ingozi enkulu, ezinye ziye zadonsa ukunaka komphakathi wesayensi, njengeMarsili, intaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu, Amakhilomitha angu-150 ukusuka eLombardo, e-Italy.
Yintabamlilo enkulu engaphansi kwamanzi engamakhilomitha amathathu esebenza kakhulu futhi ehlala idonsa ukunaka nokunaka komphakathi wesayensi.
Intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi eKolumbo
Ezinye izintaba-mlilo ziye zacekela phansi iziqhingi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, kwabangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi, njengokuqhuma komfula. INtaba iKolumbo esesiqhingini saseGreece iSantorini ngo-1628, eyagwinya ingxenye enkulu yesiqhingi. Intaba-mlilo ihlale icwaningwa ukuze kuvinjelwe enye inhlekelele.
intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi iTonga
Itholakala esiqhingini saseTonga eWestern Polynesia, e-Oceania, intaba-mlilo yaseColumbo engaphansi kolwandle iwuchungechunge lwezintaba-mlilo eziyenza ibe ngesinye sezifunda eziqhuma kakhulu intaba-mlilo emhlabeni ngoba iqoqo leziqhingi lisemaphethelweni epuleti le-tectonic elixhumanisa i-Australia kanye nesifunda. Pacific Ocean indandatho yomlilo.
I-volcano engaphansi kwamanzi e-Hunga
NgoDisemba 2014, intaba-mlilo yaseHunga yaqhuma ngamandla futhi yahlala isebenza amasonto ambalwa. ukwakha isiqhingi esisha esingamakhilomitha angu-2 ubude namamitha angu-100 ukuphakama.
Intabamlilo engaphansi kwamanzi e-Krakatoa
Mhlawumbe intaba-mlilo edume kakhulu ngokucekelwa phansi kwayo yiKrakatoa, eyaqhuma ngo-Agasti 27, 1883 futhi yanyamalala esiqhingini saseJava. Yavela olwandle eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule futhi ibilokhu iqhuma njalo. Ngo-2018, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwabangela i-tsunami, igagasi elikhulu, e-Indonesia elabulala abantu abangu-300 lalimaza abanye abayi-1,000.
Ngaphandle kweKrakatoa, kunezintaba-mlilo eziningi ezidumile ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengeKilauea eseziQhingini zaseHawaii, eziheha izivakashi okungenakuqhathaniswa. Lena intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi eyavela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ukuze yakhe isiqhingi saseHawaii. Ngezinye izikhathi iphinde ikhiphe udaka olwandle, olungafani nomlilo ogqamile osakazeka emanzini aluhlaza, kwakheka umbukwane omibalabala oheha izivakashi ukuba zivakashe.
Curiosities
- Ngo-2011, e-Isla del Hierro e-Canary Islands, intaba-mlilo yaqhuma izinyanga ezinhlanu.
- Ngo-2013, eJapane, intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi eduze kwesiqhingi saseShimo yakhafula intaba-mlilo eningi kangangokuthi yaqhuma phezulu, wajoyina futhi wanwetshwa izikhathi eziyi-11.
- I-Iceland nayo yaziwa ngezintaba-mlilo zayo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, eziheha izivakashi ezivela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
- Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zezintaba-mlilo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle emhlabeni wonke ezikhafula cishe amaphesenti angu-75 e-magma yazo unyaka ngamunye. Futhi, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi kusiza ukwakha uqweqwe olusha.
- Izintaba-mlilo eziningi ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi zenzeka ezindaweni lapho amapuleti olwandle ehlukana khona, njengeMid-Atlantic Ridge. Inombolo encane yezintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zizimele endaweni yokuphefumula, ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo ezaziwa kakhulu, njengeziQhingi zaseHawaii, lapho kunephuzu elinqunyiwe lapho i-magma ivela khona futhi uqweqwe luhamba phezu kwalo, lwenza izintaba-mlilo ezintsha, ngoba yini, isibonelo, iziQhingi zaseHawaii zihambisana.
- Inkomba enhle yokusebenza kwentaba-mlilo endaweni ubukhona be-fumaroles noma i-hydrothermal vents, okubonisa ukuthi indawo kulapho i-magma isondele kakhulu phezulu, ngakho-ke cishe iseduze nezintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kolwandle.
- Uhlobo lwentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi nokuqhuma kuncike kakhulu ekujuleni etholakala kukho, njengoba ukucindezela kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuqhuma kungase kwenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile noma kuqhubeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; uma ziqhubeka futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, izinto zentaba-mlilo zingagcina zikhuphukele phezulu futhi zakhe iziqhingi ezintsha, njenge-Iceland, ehlala onqenqemeni loLwandlekazi i-Atlantic.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle kanye nezici zayo.