Umjikelezo wedwala

umjikelezo wedwala

Uma sikhuluma umjikelezo wedwala noma imijikelezo yeziduli ayibhekiseli kusethi yamazinga lapho ezinye izakhi zamaminerali namatshe kuguquka khona lapho zihlala khona kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Zonke izigaba zomjikelezo zibandakanya ukulandelana kokuguqulwa okwakhiwa ngakho nokwakheka kokushintshwa. Ekugcineni, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kukhiqizwa ochungechungeni lwesikhathi esiyindilinga oluphindaphindiwe esikhathini eside.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngomjikelezo wedwala nokubaluleka kwalo.

Uyini umjikelezo wedwala

amadwala umjikelezo sedwala

Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi kungumjikelezo we-biogeochemical lapho kugcinwa khona into ethile kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Zonke izakhi zamaminerali ezikhona ziyizinto zomjikelezo wedwala, owaziwa nangokuthi imijikelezo yedwala. Isibonelo, sinezinto ezithile zamaminerali ezifana Ziyi-sulphur, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Umjikelezo wedwala uqala ngokuvezwa kwamatshe kulezi zinto kusuka ekujuleni kogu. Zitholakala nasezindaweni eziseduze nangaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvezwa kwabo, baba ngaphansi kwezinqubo zezulu, okubuye kube nakho ukuguguleka komhlaba ngabasebenza ngaphandle. Phakathi kwalezi zinto zangaphandle sinezinto ezisemkhathini, ezamanzi nezokuphila.

Yonke into ekhukhulayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ithuthwa kakhulu ngamanzi, amandla adonsela phansi bekungumoya. Lapho okokusebenza sekuhanjisiwe, kuzohlala kutholakala endaweni ukuze kube nenqubo yokwakheka komhlaba. Ukubhidlika akuyona nje inqubo lapho kubekwa khona izinto ezimbiwa phansi ku-substrate. Izendlalelo zenhlabathi zihlangana ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ngakho-ke kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu kukalwa ngezinga le- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Kuzo zonke lezi zigidi zeminyaka babhekana nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqina nokuqinisa usimende.

Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo ukuguquguquka kwezidalwa, yingakho ukuguqulwa kwazo kube yidwala eliqinile kwenzeka. Le nqubo yenzeka ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi komjikelezo wedwala kunezigaba eziphakathi nazo ezenzeka ngenxa yezinqubo zebhayoloji. Phakathi kwalesi sigaba semvelo sithola ukuncibilikiswa nokumuncwa yizinto eziphilayo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamaminerali, ukwakheka kwalo nezinto zalo, kuhambisana nezimo zemvelo, ingamunca izitshalo, amabhaktheriya noma izilwane bese idlulela kuma-trophic webs. Uma amaminerali esemunciwe ayaphinda akhishwe noma adedelwe ngokufa komzimba. Nakhu ukuthi umjikelezo uvalwa kanjani.

Izici eziyinhloko

ukuguguleka komoya

Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zomjikelezo wedwala. Siyazi ukuthi ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zemijikelezo ye-biogeochemical futhi isici sayo esiyinhloko i-matrix yokuzihlukanisa ku-lithosphere. Le mijikelezo inesiyalo sayo sokutadisha esibizwa nge-sedimentology. I-Sedimentology Yisayensi ebhekele ukutadisha umjikelezo wedwala nokubaluleka enakho kwi-geology yendawo.

Isikhathi somjikelezo sibonakala ngesikhathi esithathayo ukuqedela izigaba ezahlukahlukene. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile side kakhulu ukukalwa esikalini somuntu. Kumele zikalwe ngezigidi zeminyaka kusukela amaminerali ahlala isikhathi eside efakwe emadwaleni. Lawa matshe ngokuvamile atholakala ekujuleni okukhulu koqweqwe lomhlaba. Ingcindezi edonswa amandla adonsela phansi nezinye izinto zokwakha ingenye yezinjini ezinkulu ukudala ukuqala komjikelezo wedwala.

Izigaba zomjikelezo wedwala

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezahlukahlukene zomjikelezo wedwala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa iqiniso lokuthi akusona isiphepho esinezigaba ngaso sonke isikhathi ezilandela ukulandelana okubhaliwe. Njengoba zivame ukuthonywa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukile nezici, izigaba zingenzeka noma zishintshane izikhathi eziningi phakathi nenqubo.

Isigaba sokuveza

Yisigaba lapho amadwala akhiwa khona ekujuleni okuthile koqweqwe lomhlaba futhi enze izinqubo ezithile zengozi. Lezi zinqubo zifingqiwe ekuqhekekeni okuhlukahlukene, amafolda nokuphakama kwendawo. Lokhu kuhamba komhlaba ikakhulukazi kungenxa ye- Amapuleti eTectonic nokunyakaza kwayo. Ngale ndlela, amadwala ayechayeka ekusetshenzisweni kwezici ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kungaba yi-edaphic, i-atmospheric, hydrological noma i-biological.

I-diastrophism ayilutho ngaphandle komkhiqizo wokunyakaza okukhona phakathi imibukiso ye-convection yengubo yomhlaba. Lokhu kunyakaza kuphinde kwenziwe yizimo zentaba-mlilo eziveza amadwala ngendlela ejulile.

Isimo sesimo sezulu

Esigabeni sezulu amadwala avele obala abola abe izingcezu ezincane, Lokhu kube ukushisa kwesimo sezulu ngokomzimba, noma izinguquko ekubunjweni kwayo kwamaminerali, lokhu kuyisimo sezulu samakhemikhali. Kuyisici esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi futhi kungabi ngokwenyama noma amakhemikhali kuphela, kepha futhi nokuphila.

Ukuguguleka kwesigaba

Kulesi sigaba sinesenzo somoya nemvula ngqo edwaleni. Lokhu kungumkhiqizo wesimo sezulu ohlanganisa nenhlabathi eyakhiwe. Isigaba sokuguguleka komhlaba sihlanganisa nokuhambisa izinto esezikhukhulwe phambilini. Ihlaselwa yizinto ezimbili ezikhukhula njengomoya nemvula.

Isigaba sezokuThutha

Izinhlayiya zamaminerali zihanjiswa yila ma-ejenti, kungaba ngamanzi, umoya noma amandla adonsela phansi uqobo. Bathuthwa amabanga amade, yize kuya ngosayizi banesilinganiso somthwalo esichaziwe.

Isigaba se-sedimentation nesokuqongelela

Kuqukethe ukubekwa kwezinto ezihanjisiwe ngenxa yokwehla kwejubane lezinto zokuhamba nomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi. Kungaba yi i-sedimentation ye-fluvial, i-tidal noma yokuzamazama komhlaba.

Umjikelezo wedwala: ukuncibilikisa, ukumuncwa kanye nokukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo

inzika

Lapho isimo sezulu sazo zonke izinto zedwala sesivele senzekile, ukuncibilika kwamaminerali akhishiwe nakho kungenzeka. Ingamunca futhi nezinto eziphilayo. Izitshalo zidliwa yizitshalo ezidla utshani kanti ezinye zidla izitshalo ezidla inyama. Ekugcineni, yizinto zokubola ezidlulisela amaminerali kuwebhu yokudla.

Ingxenye yokugcina yomjikelezo wedwala ukuguqulwa. Zihlukaniswe ukuhlanganiswa nokuqiniswa. I-Lithification ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwedwala elisha. Kwenzeka lapho amaminerali ahlala akha izingqimba ezilandelanayo eziqongelela futhi ezinengcindezi enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokuxinana, ingcindezi eyenziwe ungqimba lwenzika yimpilo ngezigaba ezilandelanayo.

Ekugcineni, esigabeni sokuqinisa, ukufakwa kwezinto zokuqinisa usimende phakathi kwezinhlayiya kwenzeka. Lezi zinhlayiya zesamente zivame ukuba yi-calcite, i-silica, ama-oxide nabanye banesibopho sokuqinisa ukwenziwa kokuqukethwe. Ngale ndlela, idwala eliqinile lenziwa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomjikelezo wedwala.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.