Impela uyazi ukuthi yini umjikelezo wamanzi, owaziwa nangokuthi umjikelezo we-hydrological. Imayelana nokunyakaza okuqhubekayo nokujikelezayo amanzi anakho kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni komjikelezo, amanzi angadlula kuzo zombili izifunda: uketshezi, okuqinile kanye negesi. Inqubo lapho iconsi lamanzi liqala khona umjikelezo futhi liwuqede lingahlala phakathi kwemizuzwana noma imizuzu kuya ezigidini zeminyaka.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi umjikelezo we-hydrological ngokujula? Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngakho konke.
Usebenza kanjani umjikelezo wamanzi
Amanzi anokulinganisela eMhlabeni. Kuhlala kunamanzi alinganayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ezindaweni nangezimo ezihlukile Ngokuvamile, ibhalansi ye-hydrological ayiguquki, yize ama-molecule wamanzi engazungeza ngokushesha okukhulu.
YiLanga eliqala ukuqondisa nokuhambisa umjikelezo wamanzi ukufudumeza amanzi olwandle nolwandle. Lapho amanzi ehwamuka ayavuka akhe amafu. Ngalesi sikhathi amanzi asesimweni segesi. Uma izimo ezifanele sezikhona, imvula. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa lomoya, imvula ingaba sesimweni esiqinile (iqhwa noma isichotho) noma ifomu eliwuketshezi (amaconsi emvula).
Lapho amanzi ewela phansi, angagcinwa ngendlela yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, akhe amadaka, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, amachibi noma ajoyine umsele wamanzi angaphezulu njengemifula, imifudlana, njll. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amanzi aphinde aholelwe olwandle lapho ezophinde ahwamuke khona ngemisebe yelanga aze akhe amafu. Uvalwa kanjena umjikelezo wamanzi.
Izinqubo ezibandakanyeka kumjikelezo we-hydrological
Kunezinqubo eziningi ezingenelela kulo mjikelezo wamanzi nokuthi ngawo amanzi agcinwa ehamba ngokuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, kunezinqubo lapho amanzi ehwamuka ngazo futhi akudingeki ukuthi kube ngukuhwamuka kwamanzi alwandle ngqo ngenxa yemisebe yelanga.
Imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo futhi kungumphumela wamanzi e-evapotranspiration Kuvela kuzo zombili izitshalo ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis kanye nasekuhwamukeni kwenhlabathi.
Lapho umhwamuko wamanzi ukhuphuka emoyeni, amazinga okushisa abandayo abangela ukuthi ajiye abumbe amafu emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlayiya zamanzi eziphakathi kwefu zingqubuzana zodwa ukwakha amaconsi amakhulu. Amaconsi amanzi adinga umgogodla we-condensation we-hygroscopic ukuwajoyina futhi akhe idonsa lamanzi elikhudlwana. Lo mnyombo wokujiya ungaba yicucu yesihlabathi, isibonelo.
Ngokuqongelela okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamaconsi amanzi, aba makhulu futhi asinde aze awe ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Lezi zimo zincike kwifayela le- uhlobo lwamafu okusemzuzwini ngamunye nezimo zomkhathi. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, inqubo lapho ithonsi lamanzi (noma ngabe likusiphi isimo) lingathatha noma izigidi zeminyaka ukuqedela umjikelezo kungenxa yalokhu okulandelayo.
Isikhathi esihlobene nomjikelezo wamanzi
Lapho ithonsi lamanzi liwa lisuka efwini lisesimweni esiqinile njengeqhwa noma iqhwa, linganqwabelana ezinsikeni ezisezindaweni ezibandayo nasezinguzungeni zeqhwa ezintabeni futhi ingahwamuki futhi bese isuka kokuqinile iye kuketshezi kwizigidi zeminyaka. La manzi angahlala egcinwe ngale ndlela izigidi zeminyaka uma izimo zingaguquki. Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi bangakwazi ukukhipha imininingwane eminingi emaphepheni asezindaweni ezibandayo ngokusebenzisa ama-ice cores.
Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, iqhwa livimba ukuncibilika lincibilike lapho kufika intwasahlobo futhi amazinga okushisa enyuka. Amanzi ancibilikayo adabula umhlaba futhi ondle izigodi nemifula. Imvula eningi embulungeni yonke iwela olwandle. Uma ikwenza lokho emhlabeni, ingaba yimifudlana engaphezulu, noma ingagcinwa ngaphansi komhlaba njengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokondla ama-aquifif. Empeleni, kunamanzi amaningi ahlala enqwabelene ngenqubo yokungena kunaleyo egeleza emfuleni nasemachibini.
Uma amanzi ehlala egcinwe ngaphansi komhlaba, isikhathi asithathayo sokuphakama sibuye futhi ngaphezulu ngokukhishwa ngabantu noma ukuqondiswa kabusha echibini futhi ukuhwamuka futhi kungathatha amakhulu eminyaka.
Lapho amanzi engena kudingeka agcinwe emhlabathini ukugcwalisa ama-aquififers. Lezi zitolo zamanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu ngoba amadolobha amaningi ahlinzekwa yibo kuphela. Abanye abanye, noma kunjalo, bayakwazi ukuhlala eduze nomhlaba futhi bavele, bagcina bengamanzi angaphezulu nolwandle.
Ukubaluleka komjikelezo wamanzi empilweni
Umjikelezo we-hydrological ubaluleke kakhulu empilweni eMhlabeni. Ngenxa yayo, impilo ingakhula unikezwe izakhiwo zayo. Ivumela ama-organic compounds ukuthi asabele ngendlela eqhubeka nokuphila emhlabeni. Njengoba usuvele uyazi, umzimba womuntu wakhiwe ngamanzi angama-60-70%, ngakho ngaphandle kwawo besingeke siphile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izitshalo zenze i-photosynthesize futhi ziphefumule. Ukulinganisa i-pH yamanzi nemisebenzi ebalulekile yama-enzyme, amanzi ayinto esemqoka. Futhi, njengoba ubona ekushintsheni kwezitshalo nezilwane, izinhlobo zokuqala zokuphila zavela emanzini. Cishe zonke izinhlanzi zihlala emanzini kuphela futhi kunenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kuwo. Ezinye izitshalo ezinjenge-algae nazo ziyachuma ezindaweni zasemanzini, kungaba emanzini ahlanzekile noma anosawoti.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amanzi ayinto ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wethu futhi ngenxa yawo singaba nokuphila njengoba sazi namuhla. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungayithokozela kanjani le nsiza eyigugu, kepha okuyi, ngeshwa, okuya ngokuncipha.