Iplanethi yethu enguMhlaba iye yacwaningwa futhi yaphenywa ososayensi kuwo wonke umlando. Enye yezinto ezigqama kakhulu ngeplanethi yi- ubuningi bomhlaba. Njengoba kuyinto engenakulinganiswa ngokuqondile, izindlela ezihlukene zokulinganisa okungaqondile ziyadingeka.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nobukhulu bomhlaba, ukuthi bakwazi kanjani ukubala nokuthi yiziphi izici onazo.
Iplanethi enguMhlaba nezici zayo
Yiplanethi yesithathu yesimiso sonozungezilanga, kusukela elangeni, phakathi kweVenus neMars. Ngokolwazi lwethu lwamanje, iyona kuphela kuso sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga esiphethe ukuphila. Igama laso livela kwelesiLatini elithi Terra, unkulunkulu wamaRoma, isiGreki sasendulo esilingana neGaia, esihlotshaniswa nokuzala kanye ne-fecundity. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Tellus mater noma i-Terra mater (uMama Womhlaba) ngoba zonke izinto eziphilayo ziphuma esibelethweni sakhe.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babephupha ngokuthola imingcele yomhlaba futhi bahlole wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Amasiko asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi ayinasiphelo, noma ingagcina iwele kwalasha. Ngisho nanamuhla, kunabantu abaphikelela ngokuthi umhlaba uyisicaba, ukuthi awunalutho kanye nezinye izinkolelo-mbono zozungu.
Nokho, Ngenxa yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, manje sinezithombe ezinhle zeplanethi yethu. Siyazi futhi ukuthi izingqimba zalo zangaphakathi zakhiwe kanjani nokuthi yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kokuba abantu bavele ebusweni bayo.
Umsuka nokwakheka
Umhlaba wakhiwe eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4550 edlule. kusukela ezintweni ezakha ingxenye esele yesimiso sonozungezilanga, ekuqaleni njengefu lenkanyezi legesi nothuli lwe-cosmic. Iplanethi ithathe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-20 ukwakheka, namafu egesi ayakheka nxazonke zayo njengoba ubuso bayo buphola futhi bubumba umkhathi wanamuhla.
Ekugcineni, ngomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba isikhathi eside, okungenzeka ngenxa yethonya eliqhubekayo lama-meteors, uMhlaba unezinto ezidingekayo nezimo zomzimba ezidingekayo ukuze kubonakale amanzi aketshezi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umjikelezo we-hydrological ungaqala, usize iplanethi ukuthi iphole ngokushesha ibe sezingeni lapho ukuphila kungaqala khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuningi bamanzi awuketshezi angaphezulu kwenza iplanethi yethu ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho ibhekwa emkhathini.
Isisindo somhlaba
Umhlaba uyiplanethi yesihlanu ngobukhulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga futhi iyona kuphela ekwazi ukusekela ukuphila. Iyindilinga enamapali athi isicaba kancane futhi inobubanzi obuyi-12.756 km endaweni yokuphakama kwenkabazwe (6.378,1 km radius inkabazwe). Yiba isisindo 5,9736 x 1024 kg kanye nokuminyana okungu-5,515 g/cm3, eliphakeme kakhulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga. Iphinde ibe nokusheshisa kokudonsela phansi okungu-9,780327 m/s2.
Njengamanye amaplanethi angaphakathi njenge-Mars ne-Mercury, uMhlaba uyiplanethi enamadwala enendawo eqinile kanye nengqikithi yensimbi enguketshezi (ngenxa yokushisa nokucindezela kwamandla adonsela phansi), ngokungafani namanye amaplanethi anegesi njengeVenus noma iJupiter. Indawo yayo ihlukaniswe yaba yi-gaseous atmosphere, i-liquid hydrosphere kanye ne-geosphere eqinile.
Babalwa kanjani ubunzima boMhlaba?
Ngokusobala, lokhu akwenziwa ngokubeka iplanethi esilinganisweni. Okungenani hhayi ngesilinganiso sangempela. Kwasetshenziswa isikali somkhathi Isikali seCavendish. Lelo kwakuyigama lokugcina likasosayensi owaqala ngokunembile ukukala ubukhulu boMhlaba.
Wakwenza ngo-1798, futhi eminyakeni engu-113 kamuva, u-Isaac Newton omkhulu (1643-1727) wasungula iLaw of Universal Gravitation (LGU) yakhe ngo-1685. Eminyakeni engu-189 kamuva, uGalileo omkhulu wakhomba isibonakude sakhe esibhakabhakeni. Wakwenza ngo-1609. Ngokumangalisayo, uHenry Cavendish (1731-1810) wanquma ubuningi beplanethi yethu ngaphandle kokushiya ngisho nendlu yakhe.
Eqinisweni, akazange aphumelele emahlathini. I-East Cavendish wayeyindoda edangele, edangele futhi enganakile, kodwa emuhle. Ngokombono, iqala nge-LGU kaNewton, esitshela ukuthi "noma iyiphi imizimba emibili, ebhekwa njengenqwaba yamaphuzu, idonswa komunye nomunye ngamandla ancike ngokuqondile kuquqaba lwawo aphindaphindeka inani elingaguquki lenani elingaziwa, eyaziwa namuhla ngokuthi i-gravitational constant. . . Lokhu okungaguquki kuhambisana ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga le-Newtonian phakathi kwazo."
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, wasebenzisa ukusetha okuklanywe ngokwengxenye ngumngane wakhe uJohn Michell. Umfundisi okhaliphile kanye nesazi sokuma komhlaba esihlakaniphile, ushone ngaphambi kokwenza ucwaningo lokunquma ukuminyana koMhlaba. Ngokombono we-geological of view, lena i-oda elithakazelisa kakhulu lobukhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uCavendish athenga khona imishini yakhe wayifaka komunye wemizi yakhe yaseLondon.
Izilinganiso nezimo
Idivayisi iqukethe amabhola amabili okuhola, Amasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi, amisiwe ohlakeni lwensimbi, namabhola amabili amancane angama-5 cm ububanzi, imisiwe eduze kwebhola lokuqala futhi ixhunywe enye nenye izintambo zethusi ezicolekileyo.
Ngokuyinhloko, amabhalansi e-torsion aklanyelwe ukukala ukunyakaza okusonteka okudalwe ezintanjeni ngokudonsa kwamandla adonsela phansi kuma-pulleys awagcina entanta lapho amabhola amakhulu ehamba phezu kwamabhola amancane.
Inkinga iwukuthi amandla adonsela phansi mancane kangangokuthi noma iyiphi into engalindelekile ingase ihlanekezele imiphumela. Kungakho uCavendish eyiqhuba ukude. Ukuze ukuba seduze kwabacwaningi kungaphazamisi ukulungiswa kwemishini, wasebenzisa isibonakude asifaka ngaphandle kwegumbi. Wayisebenzisa ukuze afunde isikali esinembile, esikhanyiswa umsebe wokukhanya ophuma ngaphandle kwegumbi.
Sikhuluma ngokuzwela kokuhleleka kuka-0,025cm, okungekubi nhlobo. Ukuhlolwa okucashile kakhulu. Njengoba bekulindelekile, ibhola elincane laqala ukuphenduka, likhangwa ibhola elikhulu. Ngemva kokubala okuthile, uCavendish ukwazile ukuthola inani lokungaguquki kwamandla adonsela phansi kusukela kubuningi babo kanye nama-oscillations. Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala, esilandelwa ukunquma ukuminyana okumaphakathi koMhlaba bese kutholwa isisindo soMhlaba, ukubala i-gravity engaguquki i-G.
Ngenxa yokuzimisela kuka-G, kwakungenzeka ukubala ubukhulu boMhlaba. Ngokwazi ububanzi bayo, amandla okukhanga komhlaba, kanye nenani eliseduze le-G, uCavendish wenze lezi zinombolo. Imiphumela iyamangalisa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nobukhulu bomhlaba kanye nezici zawo.
Izihloko ezihlobene nomhlaba wonke ikakhulukazi iplanethi yethu enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyangithakazelisa, njengoba zingikhuthaza ekuphileni kwami.