Imihlaba engajwayelekile

umhlaba ongajwayelekile

Uma sibheka izakhi zethebula le-periodic, eziningi zazo zihlala futhi zibizwa umhlaba ongajwayelekile. Iphansi kwetafula le-periodic, futhi ngaphandle kwabo izimpilo zethu bezingeke zifane nesizaziyo. Ngenxa yale mihlaba eyivelakancane kungenzeka ukukhiqiza izinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, njll.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngomhlaba ongavamile, izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.

Izici eziyinhloko

idiphozithi e-japan

Njengoba sishilo, lezi zinsimbi aziyona into eyivelakancane njengoba amagama azo esho, kodwa kunzima ukuzimba. Futhi awavamile ukunqwabelana kumaminerali. Uma sihlanganisa le nsimbi engavamile nezidingo zezicelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga zezomnotho nezombusazwe ezenza umhlaba ongavamile uthakazelise kakhulu.

Kuwuchungechunge lwezakhi zamakhemikhali ukuthi zitholakala oqweqweni lomhlaba futhi zibalulekile kubuchwepheshe obuningi esinabo namuhla. Isibonelo, umhlaba ongavamile usetshenziswa kuma-electronics amaningi abathengi, amakhompyutha namanethiwekhi, ukuxhumana, amandla ahlanzekile, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunciphisa imvelo, ukuzivikela, ezokuthutha ezithuthukile, nokuningi.

Zidume kakhulu ngezakhiwo zazo kazibuthe, i-luminescent kanye ne-electrochemical. Lezi yizici eziyingqayizivele, futhi zonke lezi zakhi zisiza amasu amaningi ukuthi angasebenzi kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi asindise isisindo. Singakwazi futhi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngale ndlela, sifika kubuchwepheshe bamanje ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusebenza, isivinini, ukuqina kanye nokuzinza okushisayo. Imikhiqizo equkethe ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba ongavamile isiza ekuqhubekiseni ukukhula komnotho emhlabeni ngenkathi igcina izinga eliphezulu lokuphila futhi isindisa izimpilo.

Izakhiwo zomhlaba ezingavamile

umhlaba ongavamile ku-chemistry

Ake sibone umhlaba ongavamile kanye nezakhiwo zawo, siyazi ukuthi azivamile ikakhulukazi ngokuchichima kwazo oqweqweni lomhlaba. Nokho, izici zayo eziyingqayizivele zibangelwa ukwakheka kwayo kwe-athomu. Zinokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi okuzihlukanisa kwezinye izakhi kuthebula le-periodic. Nakuba yonke imihlaba engavamile yabelana ngezinto ezithile ezibalulekile, eminye icaciswe kakhulu kuzakhi ezithile. Zitholakala kanye namaminerali kanye amadwala futhi kunzima ukuhlukana komunye nomunye ngenxa yokufana kwawo kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali.

Umhlaba ongavamile usudume kakhulu ngezakhiwo zawo zamakhemikhali, ezinikezwe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo. Ziqondile ezicini ezithile, ngakho inselele yokukwazi ukuzihlukanisa kufanele inqotshwe.

Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo se-athomu, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezingavamile ngokusekelwe kumakhemikhali awo. Ubukhulu futhi isici esihlukanisayo. Usayizi we-athomu we-lanthanides wehla ngenombolo ye-athomu ekhulayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imihlaba elula engavamile ukuba ihlukane nomhlaba osindayo ongavamile. Futhi zombili zikhiqizwa ngamaminerali ahlukene.

Isibonelo, uma sibala i-lutetium, sithola ukuthi ingashintsha kalula ezinye izakhi kumaminerali lapho iziza ezikhona zizincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile ngokuvamile ziyaxaka futhi zizinzile. Phakathi kwama-oxides, sithola amanye azinze kakhulu. Iningi lama-lanthanides anesimo esincanyana.

Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okungajwayelekile

imihlaba engavamile kuthebula le-periodic

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezihlukene lezi zakhi ezihlukaniswa ngazo. Eyokuqala ama-lantanoid ahlukaniswa njengemihlaba ekhanyayo engavamile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

  • i-lanthanum
  • cerium
  • praseodymium
  • neodymium
  • promocio
  • samarium

Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinemihlaba esindayo engajwayelekile okulandelayo:

  • i-europium
  • gadolinium
  • umabhebhana
  • i-dysprosium
  • holmium
  • erbium
  • thulium
  • umabhebhana
  • lutetium

Into kuphela kulo lonke uhlu ukuthi ayitholakali ngokwemvelo i-promethium. Siyazi ukuthi wonke ama-isotopes e-promethium anemisebe, ngakho-ke angakhiwa kuphela kuma-reactors enuzi. Ayitholakali ngokwemvelo Emhlabeni.

I-Lanthanides nokubaluleka kwayo

Yebo, uyazi ngama-lanthanides uma usufunde ithebula le-periodic elikwenza ube nelukuluku. Lezi izakhi ezivame kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuzikhipha. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kunzima ukukhipha, kodwa futhi asetshenziswa ngobuningi. Ngokuvamile ziyacwebezela, ngokuvamile isiliva. Uma sezichazelwe umoya-mpilo, ziba nombala osiliva omningi. Zibonakala ngokusebenza kwazo kabusha okuphezulu, futhi nakuba zingaqhumi, zilimaza ngokushesha, okuzenza zibe lula ekungcolisweni ezinye izakhi.

Siyazi ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-lanthanides awonakaliswa ngezinga elifanayo. Isibonelo, i-lutetium ne-gadolinium zingavezwa emoyeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokungcoliswa. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, sinezinye i-lanthanide ezifana ne-lanthanum, neodymium ne-europium, ezisebenza kakhulu futhi kufanele zigcinwe emafutheni amaminerali ukuvimbela inkungu.

Wonke amalungu ochungechunge lwe-lanthanide anokwakheka okubushelelezi ngokwedlulele. Eziningi zazo zingasikwa kalula ngommese futhi azidingi amathuluzi asindayo okwelapha. Izakhi ezibhekwa njengemihlaba engavamile azicatshangelwa ngoba kunzima ukuzithola. Imane ibhekwe njengemihlaba engavamile ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuyikhipha ngendlela ehlanzekile ngenani elanele ukwanelisa zonke izidingo zezimboni. Azinamsebenzi uma amanani adingekayo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe angeke atholakale.

La mazwe asengozini yangempela emakethe yokuba yimikhiqizo ehamba phambili. Siyazi ukuthi iShayina inezindawo zokugcina ezinkulu zomhlaba ezingavamile futhi iyazisebenzisa. Ziningi uma ziqhathaniswa noqweqwe lomhlaba, kodwa ekugxilweni okubonakalayo noma okungavamile kakhulu kunamanye amaminerali amaningi.

Lokhu kwenza ukukhishwa kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Isidingo somhlaba wonke semihlaba engavamile kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke ngenxa ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni, ku-electronics abathengi, izibani ezonga amandla neziguquli ze-catalytic.

Ziyizici ezibalulekile ngoba zihlukile futhi azinakushintshwa futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini eziluhlaza (izimoto zikagesi, ama-hybrids, izinjini zomoya, njll.) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhi ezifana namakhompyutha, amathelevishini, amalaser anezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.

Nokho, lokuhlushwa ukukhiqizwa eChina, okuyinto imele ngaphezu kwe-90% yomhlaba wonke, yenza lezi zakhi zizwele ikakhulukazi endaweni yezepolitiki futhi ingaholela ekuhlinzekeni okulinganiselwe kwezinto ezibalulekile zomnotho waseYurophu.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomhlaba ongajwayelekile kanye nezici zawo.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.