Omunye wemichilo yolwandle ebaluleke kakhulu kumasu yi IKerch Strait. Njengoba lo mkhawulo unikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kwamasu, bekungumthombo wezingxabano eziningi phakathi kwe-Ukraine neRussia. Kulezi zindawo kube nezigameko eziningi ngenxa yokuthi ngubani umnikazi wale ndawo yamasu. Isigameko sokugcina esenzeka ngo-2014 sikhombisa nokungezwani okukhulu okukhona phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, ikakhulukazi njengoba iRussia yathatha inhlonhlo yase-Ukraine iCrimea.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezimpawu nokubaluleka kwamasu nokwakhiwa okwenziwe eKerch Strait.
I-Panorama yeKerch Strait
IKerch Strait ixhuma uLwandle i-Azov noLwandle Olumnyama. Lokhu kwakha isixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni oluxhuma iRussia neMedithera. Ngenxa yalolu bishi, iRussia ingathatha izinsiza eMedithera. Ukwakhiwa kweKerch Strait Bridge bekungezinye zezikhiye zokuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kweMoscow neCrimea ngemuva kokuncishwa kwaso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli bhuloho liwela amanzi aphesheya. Leli bhuloho lamenyezelwa ukuthi lizohlukaniswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe insimu nenethiwekhi yezokuthutha yaseRussia futhi, ekugcineni, kuyaziwa ukuthi inika ukulawula kokugcina yonke imizila yasolwandle ngaphakathi nangaphandle koLwandle i-Azov.
I-Russia isebenzise iBerch Strait Bridge njengesikhali sezepolitiki nezomnotho. Izizathu zakho zokwazi ukwenza izinyathelo zomthetho zaleli bhuloho ukuthi linikeza izizathu zokuphepha. Ngalesi sizathu, iziphathimandla zaseRussia zinikeza ukuhlolwa kwemikhumbi yabahwebi edlula ngaphansi kwaleli bhuloho. Lokhu kuhlolwa, izikhathi eziningi, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Le mikhumbi yabathengisi ibhekiswe kakhulu emachwebeni e-Ukraine oLwandle lwase-Azov.
Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza iziphathimandla zendawo zase-Ukraine zisole iRussia ngokuthi ibancisha umnotho ukuze kuzuze amachweba aseRussia. Esinye sezikhalazo i-Ukraine esinaso ukuthi itheku laseMariupol livinjiwe.
Isigameko eKerch Strait
Ngo-2018 ngoNovemba 25 waba nesigameko eKerch Strait. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi umkhumbi wezimpahla waseRussia ubopha imikhumbi emi-3 yempi yasolwandle yase-Ukraine. Lokhu kwenze iRussia Federal Security Service yasola imikhumbi eyayingena ngokungemthetho emanzini aseRussia. Ngokwenza lokhu, baphula umngcele wezwe ngoba babengazange bacele imvume yokuwela iKerch Strait.
Ngenxa yalesi sigameko sase-Ukraine, iRussia yadubula futhi yathatha imikhumbi yase-Ukraine ngasogwini lwaseCrimea. Ngemuva kokujaha isikhathi eside, kwathathwa amasosha amabili nezibhamu zokudonsa. Kufike amalungu e-6 eqembu lase-Ukraine abalimele ngesikhathi sempi. Ngalolo suku olufanayo, uMongameli wase-Ukraine wasayina isinqumo sokusebenzisa umthetho wezempi futhi savunywa ephalamende ngosuku olulandelayo. Kusukela isimo sobunzima obunzima kakhulu, imicimbi yalesi sitayela iqhubeke kwaze kwaba I-Russia icele umhlangano ukuze kugcinwe ukuthula nokuphepha emhlabeni wonke.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho iKerch
Ukuze uxhume uLwandle Olumnyama noLwandle i-Azov oluhlukanisa inhlonhlo iKerch nenhlonhlo yaseTaman, kwakhiwa iBhuloho iKerch. Zombili lezi zinhlonhlo zingezaseRussia namuhla selokhu iCrimea kungokwase-Ukraine kwaze kwaba ngoMashi 2014. Leli bhuloho linomlando omningi kusukela lapho amaJalimane azama ukuphakamisa eMpini Yesibili Yomhlaba kodwa ekugcineni abaseRussia sebephumelele. Indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona ibhuloho incane kakhulu, ingamakhilomitha ama-5 kuphela ubude.
Ngo-1944 kwakhiwa ibhuloho kodwa lalingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zasebusika ezinzima futhi elinye elifana nalelo qhwa laliqeda. Kukhona ngoMeyi 2015 lapho ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kwaqala khona zombili izimoto nezokuhamba ngezitimela. Kulesi sikhala ibhuloho cishe lingamakhilomitha ayi-19 ubude, liyimizila yolwandle engamakhilomitha ayi-12.
Kukhona ukugxekwa kwephrojekthi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimo zokwakheka komhlaba ezitholakala lapho. Futhi kuthiwa iphrojekthi yashiywa kusukela lapho i-substrate enamadwala yayiwuhlobo lwe-limestone futhi kwakukhona izimbotshana eziningi ze-karst. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi leli bhuloho lingalawuleki futhi kushiwo ukuthi uphenyo olunzulu lwezobuchwepheshe alwenziwanga. Abavikeli bale phrojekthi yilabo abavikela ukuthi ngeke kwenziwe ngaphandle kophenyo olunzulu. Yonke indawo iyaphenywa futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuma okungaguquki nokunamandla ezinqwabeni. Ngenxa yalezi zivivinyo zomthwalo, isisekelo sizinzile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeKerch Strait.