Umcengezi we Umfula ojwayelekile Itholakala emkhakheni osentshonalanga nesifundazwe saseMalaga, ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseSerranía de Ronda, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yalo masipala oshiwo, ongowesifunda esiseningizimu. Ungomunye wemifula eyaziwa kakhulu eMalaga futhi unezici zokufuna ukwazi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici, ukwakheka komhlaba nomthombo woMfula iGeneral.
Izici eziyinhloko
Iboshwe empumalanga yiSierra Palmitera neSierra Bermeja, enyakatho yiSierra del Oreganal, entshonalanga yiDorsal Atajate-Gaucín, eningizimu ukuphuma kwemvelo okuyixhumanisa ne-flysch yeCampo de Gibraltar. Lesi simo senza isigodi saseGenal sibe yindawo evaliwe kakhulu futhi ehlukaniswe ngamakamelo nokufinyelela okunzima kokubili kusuka ethafeni laseRonda, kanye nasogodini lwaseGuadiaro naseCosta del Sol.
Ekhanda layo, umcengezi wawulandela indlela ebheke empumalanga-ntshonalanga kuze kube kungekudala. Iqala lapho kuhlangana khona noMfula iGorgot, lapho ujikela khona ohlangothini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga-ntshonalanga. Ekugcineni, esikhathini sikamasipala seCasares, iyahlangana neGuadiaro. Inesiqondisi esisuka enyakatho-ningizimu. Njengokusondela kobukhulu bayo.
Kumele kuthiwe isitsha sihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-343 futhi ububanzi bukhulu ngamakhilomitha ayi-19, etholwe esigabeni esiphambanweni ohlangothini olusempumalanga nentshonalanga, ngobubanzi okungenani bamakhilomitha ayi-6. Kusuka eSierra Crestellina kuye kububanzi obumaphakathi boMfula iGuadiaro engxenyeni engezansi yomcengezi cishe amakhilomitha ayi-12,5, kanti ubude besiteshi, ukusuka emfuleni iSeco kuya ekuhlanganeni noMfula iGuadiaro cishe kungamakhilomitha angama-62,9.
I-lithology yemifula ejwayelekile
Umfula iGenes kanye nawo wonke umcengezi wawo wakhiwe ngezizinda ezi-3 ze-lithological. Lokhu okulandelayo:
- Izinto zokubala (amatshe amatshe amatshe, ama-dolomite, ama-marigolds, njll.) atholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi ebhange elingakwesokudla loMfula iGener, kusukela phezulu kweCascajares kuye e-El Hacho, kusuka lapho kuya eSierra lapho iCrestellina. Ukubukeka kwayo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaphela i-Atajate, lapho yayishintsha khona ngezinto ze-metamorphic (Manto Maláguide), yaze yafika eGaussine, lapho izinto ze-carbonate zaphinde zavela ngendlela evelele, kusukela eCampo de Gibraltar flysch.
- I-Los izinto ze-metamorphic yilezo zeMantos Alpujárride neMaláguide (gneiss, schist, mica schist, phyllite, njll.). Basatshalaliswa maphakathi nomcengezi. Baxhumana ne-peridotite ebhange elingakwesokunxele lomfula kanye nezinto ezinamakhasi asebhange elingakwesokudla. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwempumalanga nentshonalanga kugxila ekuguquguqukeni okunamandla, konke kungenxa yokungena kwama-ultramaphics edwaleni lwe-peridotite, njenge-Thrust mantle, kusobala ukuthi kukhona ama-quartzites kanye ne-gneiss.
- El impahla ye-ultrabasic kuyinto etholakala eSierra Bermeja, uchungechunge olunamandla lwe-peridotite olwakhiwe ngezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezisindayo nezinsimbi ezinobuthi. Zisatshalaliswa njalo ebhange langakwesobunxele loMfula iGenal, kusuka ekhanda kuya eSierra Crestellina, kusatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo, yilokho iSierra ebizwa ngakho.
Isikhumbuzo semvelo somthombo womfula iGenal
ISikhumbuzo Semvelo iNacimiento del Río Genal siyindawo engokwemvelo yomthombo wamanzi waseSierra Blanca, onamanzi acwebezelayo aconsa aphuma ezithweni zangaphakathi ezinhle eziyize. Ekuhambeni kokuqala, umfudlana womfula iGuadiaro uhlukanisa umgwaqo nensimu yedolobha lapho azalelwa khona: fanisa; idolobhana labamhlophe elihehayo emthonjeni womfula iGenal, eSerranía de Ronda Ekuhlelweni, eduze kakhulu kweSierra de las Nieves Natural Park. Umugqa wemigwaqo emikhulu nezindlu ezinkulu kunamathela ezindongeni eziphakeme ezingena emadwaleni.
Kutholakala engxenyeni engenhla yedolobha, eduzane nendawo yokuzilibazisa, amanzi agxumagxuma endaweni ebukekayo egcwele uhlaza, izimpophoma nobukhazikhazi. Ngesikhathi semvula, lapho izinga lamanzi embhedeni womfula lenyuka kakhulu, lokho u-Igualejeños akubiza ngokuqhuma kwentwasahlobo: ukuqhuma okukhulu nokuhlaba umxhwele kwamanzi ngoba amanzi asentwasahlobo yilokho izazi zokwakheka komhlaba ezikubiza ngokuthi yisiphon.
Kulezi zinsimu eziphukile ze-chestnut nezihlahla zomnqumo, ukulinganiswa cishe akunakwenzeka. Onke amagquma aqoqene embhedeni weGenal, umzila wamanzi ogcwele amaqabunga asendle, acishe angacimi ngamanye amasimu ezithelo asezindlini ezifuywayo. Izimila ezinkulu eziseduze komfula zakhiwa ngompopula, ama-elms, izihlahla zomlotha, iminyezane kanye ne-alders, ebeka umfula emfuleni kanye nama-oleanders, ama-wickers, i-tamarisk, umhlanga, i-barberry ne-durillo.
Amanzi avela esigayweni esidlule, kuma-60s amadamu amaningana akhiwa eduze komthombo womfula owawuvumela ukuthi uphinde ugcwale nge-trout. Kuyizwe laseIgualeja lezinganekwane, ngoba kule ndawo kwazalwa abaphangi abathathu abaziwayo: “El Zamarra”, “El Zamarrilla” kanye no “Flores Arrocha”.
Isimo sezulu kanye ne-hydrology
Ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa okubalulekile, ukwehluka kokuchayeka kanye ne-gradient ebalulekile yokuphakama, isimo sezulu seGenal Basin sihluke kakhulu kunombono we-microclimate, ngakho-ke ezingeni elijwayelekile izindawo ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu zingamakwa:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sezulu esiphansi seGenal luthinteka kakhulu ulwandle, olubhekene nokufika kweCampo de Gibraltar kanye nengaphambili elingazinzile le-Atlantic, okusho ukuthi (i-amplitude ephansi yokushisa, isomiso esincane, njll.), inganwetshwa iye eDorsal naseSierra. IBermeja inqamula omasipala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye engenhla ikhombise isithunzi esincane sezwekazi (ubukhulu obukhulu bokushisa nesomiso esikhulu).
Kunemibuzo eminingi ngomthombo woMfula iGeneral, kepha ababhali abaningi bayavuma ukuthi umthombo oyinhloko ukhiqizwa ngokuxhumana nama-carbonates nezinto ze-metamorphic, yize kukholakala ukuthi umthombo yi-Igualeja outcrop, inama-230 l / s. , owakha umfula umnikelo omkhulu kunayo yonke emthonjeni wawo. Kodwa-ke, ukungahambi kahle kwayo kuvimbela ukuphikelela kwemisinga esezansi.
Eminye iminikelo ebalulekile ngumfula iNacimiento, nawo odalwe wukuyekiswa kwe-lithology ye ama-karst schists, kanye ne-outcrop yaseJúzcar, ka-185 l / s, ngaphandle kokuwuziba umnikelo wemifula iSeco neGuadarín ebhange elingakwesobunxele. Kuyindlela ejwayelekile yomfula kule ngxenye esempumalanga nentshonalanga.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoMfula iGeneral kanye nezimpawu zawo.