Umfula omude kakhulu eCanada

umfula omude kunawo wonke eCanada

El umfula omude kunawo wonke eCanada Umfula iMackenzie. Umfula onomgodi omkhulu kunawo wonke e-Canada futhi unqamula endaweni enabantu abambalwa enezindawo ezinhle kanye nenabantu abaningi. Izimpawu zayo kufanelekile ukwazi njengoba ingomunye wemifula ebaluleke kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomfula omude kunayo yonke eCanada, imvelaphi yawo, umlando, izici nokunye okuningi.

Izici eziyinhloko

Umfula iMackenzie ugeleza usuka e-Great Slave Lake udlulele enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeCanada amakhilomitha angu-1075, noma amakhilomitha angu-4240 uma imifula i-Finley ne-Peace ifakiwe ohlelweni. Njengoba ingqikithi yendawo engu-1.841.000 km2, indawo yamanzi inkulu kunazo zonke eCanada. Umfula ugeleza ezindaweni ezigqagqene abantu abanezici zemvelo ezinhle kanye namapaki eqhwa abangela izikhukhula ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kweqhwa.

Umfula iMackenzie ugeleza ngokuyinhloko usuka eningizimu-mpumalanga uye enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Imifula i-Liard, Peace, ne-Athabasca eyakha imithombo yayo inisela isifunda Sasehlathini Sasehlathini esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBritish Columbia nasenyakatho ye-Alberta. Ngemva kokudlula i-Great Slave Lake, uMfula iMackenzie ithola imifudlana emifushane yeCanadian Shield kwesokudla kanye nomsele ogeleza usuka enyakatho Rocky Mountains (noma Rocky Mountains) kwesokunxele. Ichibi le-Great Bear ne-Athabasca nalo liyingxenye yesistimu. Ngemva kokudlula eNorthwest Territories, ingena oLwandle iBeaufort e-Arctic Ocean.

Umthombo kanye nendawo yomfula omude kakhulu waseCanada

Mackenzie River canada

Umfula omude kunayo yonke e-Canada usuka e-Great Slave Lake, unqamule enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCanada futhi igeleza eningizimu-mpumalanga ngokusebenzisa i-Inuvik ne-Fort Smith. Imithombo ye-Mackenzie Rivers yi-Liard, Peace, kanye ne-Athabasca Rivers. Le mifula inisela amathafa anamahlathi asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBritish Columbia nasenyakatho ye-Alberta.

Lapho uwela iChibi elikhulu Lezigqila, uMfula iMackenzie uthola osebeni lwawo lwesokudla imingenela eshiwo ngenhla, ephuma kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iCanadian Shield.

Emajini angakwesokudla, umfula ogeleza usuka eziNtabeni ZaseRocky ungumngenela wawo. Amachibi aziwa ngeBig Bear Lake kanye neLake Athabasca nawo ayingxenye yohlelo lwechibi olugelezela emfuleni iMackenzie.

Umfula iMackenzie unqamula ezindaweni ezinamahlathi isikhathi esiningi, unqamula emahlathini agqagqene agqagqene lapho kubambiwa khona uboya, ama-Eskimo, nabagawuli bemithi ngokungemthetho.

Ngemva kokuwela i-Canadian Northwest Territories, uMfula iMackenzie uthululela e-Arctic Ocean, kodwa uqale wakhe i-delta oLwandle iBeaufort phakathi kwe-Alaska, iCanada Northwest Territories, kanye neYukon Territory.

Umbuso we-Pluvial nomnotho

Nakuba isimo sayo singaziwa kahle futhi idatha engavamile kuphela eqoqwe e-Fort Simpson nase-Nordmann, ukuziphatha kwayo kwe-hydrologic kungachazwa ngokuqiniseka okufanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisele yayo enezintaba iyinikeza isimo esine-neoglacial, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa i-tributary yayo i-Liard, yingakho ukugeleza kuphezulu ngoJuni futhi ubuncane ngoMashi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwechibi elikhulu ogwini olungakwesokudla, elinendawo yokugcina amanzi amaningi, okuholela kumphumela wesisindo (ukushintshashintsha okuphansi kwesizini kokugeleza), okunikeza umfula omude kakhulu waseCanada umlingiswa ohlanzekile emifuleni yase-arctic.

Idatha etholakalayo iqinisekisa lokhu. njengoba umehluko obonwe phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kanye nobuncane bungu-7.890 m3/s. Kusukela kumarekhodi ambalwa atholakalayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhishelwa kwayo endaweni yomfula cishe ku-15.000 m3/s. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula.

Umfula unqamula izindawo ezimbozwe amahlathi e-boreal futhi ezinabantu abambalwa. Yisizinda sama-Eskimos, abacuphi boboya kanye nabagawuli bemithi. Amadiphozithi anothile e-pitchblende asanda kutholwa eduze ne-Great Bear Lake futhi amadiphozithi e-uranium atholakale eduze kweLake Athabasca, okubangele izikhungo zabantu.

I-Geology yomfula omude kunayo yonke eCanada

umfula omude kunawo wonke eCanada

Kuze kube yisikhathi sokugcina seqhwa eminyakeni engu-30.000 edlule, ingxenye enkulu yeNyakatho yeCanada yangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwe-Laurentide Ice Sheet enkulu. Amandla amakhulu agugulekayo e-Laurentide kanye nabanduleli bayo akungcwaba ngokuphelele lokho manje osekuyi-Mackenzie Basin ngaphansi kwamamayela eqhwa futhi acaba ingxenye esempumalanga yalo mcengezi ngezinga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho iqhwa lihlehla okokugcina, ishiywe ngemuva kwechibi le-post-glacial elingamakhilomitha angu-1.100 ubude, iLake McConnell, equkethe i-Big Bear, i-Great Slave, namachibi ase-Athabasca.

Umfula wamanje iMackenzie usemncane ngokwezwe: isiteshi sawo sakhiwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule, lapho iqhwa lihlehla. Ngaphambi kweNkathi Yeqhwa, umfula owodwa kuphela woMfula i-Peel owawugeleza endaweni manje osekuyi-Mackenzie Delta ukuya e-Arctic Ocean. Eminye imingenela yoMfula iMcKenzie ijoyina ukwakha umfula iBell River, ogelezela ngasempumalanga ungene e-Hudson Bay. Ngezikhathi zeqhwa, isisindo seshidi leqhwa sacindezela isimo sendawo enyakatho yeCanada kangangokuthi lapho iqhwa lihlehla, uhlelo lweMackenzie lwabanjwa ezindaweni eziphakeme enyakatho-ntshonalanga, lusungula indlela yamanje yokugeleza.

Izinsalela zomfula nobunye ubufakazi bokuguguleka bubonisa ukuthi ekupheleni kwePleistocene, cishe eminyakeni eyi-13.000 edlule, iStrait of Mackenzie yakhukhulwa yizikhukhula ezinkulu zechibi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu okubangelwa iChibi i-Agassiz, elakhiwe entshonalanga yamachibi Amakhulu amanje akhiwa iqhwa elincibilikayo. Lesi simo kukholakala ukuthi sashintsha imisinga e-Arctic Ocean, okubangele ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa phakathi neminyaka eyi-1.300, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Younger Dryas period.

I-Mackenzie ithwala inqwaba yenhlabathi, ithumela amathani angaba yizigidi ezingu-128 ngonyaka endaweni yayo. Umfula iLiard uwodwa wenza amaphesenti angama-32 engqikithi, kanye noMfula iPeel cishe amaphesenti angama-20. Empeleni yonke inzika yayivela endaweni ezansi nomfula i-Fort Providence ngenxa yokuthi inzika engenhla yomfula yayivaleleke eChibini Le-Great Slave.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomfula omude kakhulu eCanada nezici zawo.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.