Igesi nesitimu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi kuncibilikisiwe endaweni yefiziksi nekhemistri. Zombili zinezici ezihlukile ngakho-ke kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ehlukile ngokuya ngezicelo ezinazo. Ziningi umehluko phakathi kwegesi nesitimu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwegesi ne-steam, yiziphi izici zomuntu ngamunye nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlukanisa kanjani.
yini igesi
Igesi into engeke ibe uketshezi lapho kufakwa ingcindezi. Igesi yisimo sendaba. Ngezinga lokushisa lekamelo, igesi iseyigesi esimweni sayo semvelo. Ukuze ushintshe isigaba, kufanele ushintshe ukucindezela nokushisa.
Amagesi angacindezelwa kalula, kodwa hhayi kalula njenge-steam, ehlala esesimweni soguquko njalo. Amagesi athatha isikhala esiningi kunoketshezi noma okuqinile. Izinhlayiya zomhwamuko zigcina umumo oqondile, oqinisekiswayo uma ubhekwa ngesibonakhulu, kuyilapho amagesi engenawo umumo oqondile.
Igesi esetshenziswa abantu igesi yemvelo eyakhiwe ngayo umhwamuko ophuma ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, lapho i-methane imele u-90%. Igesi yemvelo ishibhile kakhulu kunowoyela, ngakho isetshenziselwa ukufudumeza nokupheka ekhaya, ayikhiqizi isikhutha esiningi, ngakho ibhekwa njengento engenabungozi emvelweni kunowoyela namalahle. .
yini umusi
Umhwamuko yisimo sendaba lapho into isesigabeni segesi ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye nokucindezela. I-steam ingadalwa ngoketshezi nezinto eziqinile ngokufaka ukushisa noma ngokunciphisa ukucindezela.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-steam yikhono layo lokunweba futhi lithathe noma iyiphi indawo etholakalayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-molecule e-vapor akhululekile ukunyakaza futhi awanakho ukwakheka okuchaziwe njengakuzinto eziqinile noketshezi.
I-Steam inamandla okudlulisa ukushisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-molecule omhwamuko anamandla amakhulu e-kinetic, angadlulisela la mandla kwezinye izinto ngokushayisana kwama-molecule. Yilokhu okwenzeka ezimisweni eziningi zokushisisa nokupholisa, lapho isitimu sisetshenziswa khona ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Umhwamuko nawo unomthamo ophansi kakhulu kunoketshezi nezinto eziqinile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umhwamuko uvame ukukhuphuka emkhathini futhi ungaveza amafu nemvula. Lesi sakhiwo siwusizo futhi ku-distillation, lapho umusi usetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube.
izinhlobo ze-steam
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesitimu. Izinhlobo zesitimu zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela eziyitholayo kuye ngokuthi zitholakala kuphi. Ake sibone eziyinhloko:
- umusi ojiyile ecindezelwa ezingeni lokushisa elingashintshi noma epholiswe ngengcindezi engapheli.
- Umhwamuko wamanzi Yigesi ekhiqizwa lapho amanzi eshiselwa ku-100ºC uma ebila noma eqhwa. Ayinaphunga futhi ayinambala.
- I-steam isebenza njenge amandla okushayela ngemuva kwe-turbine ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi noma emishini.
- Ukupheka ngesitimu kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokupheka ukulungisa ukudla.
- i-naval propulsion steam. Isetshenziswa ezikebheni eziqhutshwa ngamasondo ezinhlangothini.
- I-steam locomotive propulsion.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwegesi Ne-Steam
Sesibonile ukuthi amagama athi igesi ne-steam avame ukudideka, kodwa Empeleni ziyizimo ezimbili ezihlukene zendaba.. Nakuba kokubili kuwuketshezi lwesigaba segesi, kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwawo.
Igesi ichazwa njengento esesigabeni segesi ezingeni lokushisa legumbi nokucindezela, kuyilapho umhwamuko ubhekisela entweni esesigabeni segesi ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye nokucindezela. Okusho ukuthi, igesi iwuketshezi olutholakala esimweni salo semvelo, kuyilapho umhwamuko ukhiqizwa lapho ukucindezela koketshezi noma okuqinile kushisa noma kuncishiswa.
Omunye umehluko ukuthi amagesi anokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuchaziwe, kanti umhwamuko ungaba ingxube yezinto ezihlukene esigabeni segesi. Ngokwesibonelo, umoya esiwuphefumulayo uyingxube yamagesi, kanti umhwamuko wamanzi uyingxube yamangqamuzana amanzi esigabeni segesi.
Futhi, amagesi anomthamo ophansi kakhulu kunoketshezi nezinto eziqinile, kuyilapho umhwamuko ungaba nokuminyana okufanayo noma okukhulu nakakhulu kunoketshezi olukhiqizwa ngalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-vapor akhiwa oketshezini noma izinto eziqinile ezinokuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu kunamagesi.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwawo okungokoqobo, amagesi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamafutha noma ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali, kuyilapho ama-vapor asetshenziswa ekushiseni, ekupholiseni nasekufakweni kwe-distillation, phakathi kokunye ukusetshenziswa.
ukusetshenziswa kwe-steam
I-Steam inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zezimboni nezomnotho. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi ezaziwa kakhulu:
- Khiqiza ugesi. Isitimu siyisihluthulelo sokukhiqiza ugesi, lapho kusetshenziswa izinjini zesitimu. Ukuqonda kwesekethe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izimboni zamandla kumafutha ahlukene afana nenuzi, amalahle noma igesi yemvelo, lapho amanzi eqhubeka eshisisa kuze kube yilapho ebila futhi kunwetshwa isitimu ukuze sishayele i-turbine, umsebenzi odingekayo ukukhiqiza ugesi. Cishe u-90% kagesi womhlaba uphehlwa ngale ndlela.
- Ukusebenzisa ekhaya Umhwamuko wamanzi usetshenziselwa ukupheka, ukuhlanza izindwangu nezindwangu, ngisho nokushisisa izakhiwo nezindlu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekhishini noma kubhayela wesakhiwo, kudinga inani elithile likaphethiloli.
- Ukubulala amagciwane. Uma kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu isitimu esingawafinyelela, sisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuvala inzalo phansi, izinto zaselabhorethri, nezinye izinto ezidinga indlela engenabuthi yokuhlanza amagciwane namagciwane.
- amandla mechanical. Njengoba kunjalo ngezitshalo zikagesi, amandla esitimu angashayela amasistimu emishini njengoba kudingeka ukuze kwandiswe. Injini yesitimu, eyasungulwa ngesikhathi se-Industrial Revolution, yasebenzisa leli thuba futhi yayisebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla ezitimeleni, emikhunjini, ngisho nasezimotweni zesitimu ngaphambi kokutholwa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwegesi ne-steam nokuthi yiziphi izici zomunye nomunye.