Baningi abantu ababadidayo kodwa bakhulu umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala. Singahlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umehluko othile njengosayizi, umbala nokuthungwa ngamehlo kanye nokunye umehluko wamakhemikhali maqondana nokwakheka kwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zombili amaminerali namatshe akhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Umsuka nokwakheka kwawo kunesibopho sokwehlukahluka okuhlukahlukene okukhona kuzici zomhlaba.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala.
Yini amaminerali
Into yokuqala okufanele siyazi umehluko phakathi kwezincazelo zamaminerali nedwala. I-amaminerali yinto eqinile edalwe ngokwemvelo nangokwemvelo okungajwayelekile. Iqukethe ukwakheka okuthile kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo se-crystal esichazwe kahle. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamaminerali luzoba nesakhiwo samakristalu noma enye. Lesi sakhiwo, okuyisona esinika ukwakheka kwezamaminerali, sincike emsukeni nasekwakhekeni kwawo.
Imvelaphi yamaminerali incike ezakhiweni zamakhemikhali kanye nezici zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezomshini wokuguqula amandla wohlelo lwemvelo olwakhiwe kulo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi Ukwakheka kwamaminerali ekujuleni okukhulu akufani nasendaweni ethile. Okwezamaminerali nokwakheka kwawo, izinto ezenzeka komhlaba ezenzeka endaweni ethile azihlangene nakancane nazo, ngenkathi zisemadwaleni. Ukubunjwa kwamatshe nokwakheka kwawo ngaphakathi kuncike ezenzakalweni zokwakheka komhlaba ezibonakala endaweni yokwakheka.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokwakheka kwamaminerali
Amaminerali angahlukaniswa ngokususelwa ekwakhekeni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, emaqenjini alandelayo:
- Izakhi zomdabu.
- Ama-Sulfide
- Ama-Sulfosalts.
- Ama-oxide nama-hydroxide.
- Ama-Halides
- Amakhabhoni, ama-nitrate nama-borates.
- Sulfates futhi chromates.
- Ama-Volframates nama-molybdates.
- Phosphates, arsenates futhi vanadates.
- Izinsimbi.
Njengoba amaminerali ngamunye enziwe ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile atholakala ngezindlela eziningana:
- I-Messy: kulawa amaminerali sithola izingxenye zingahambi kahle ngokuphelele. Ziyizakhiwo ezingahambisani nanoma yisiphi isimo sejometri esichaziwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaminerali abe nesakhiwo sama-amorphous futhi ukuma kwejiyomethri akukwazi ukuhlaziywa. Isibonelo, elinye lamaminerali ngokwemvelo anezakhi ngendlela exakile izibuko zemvelo.
- Ku-oda: yilawo amaminerali ingxenye yawo eyakha umumo wejometri ochazwe kahle. Kulapha lapho omakhelwane lapho amaminerali enesakhiwo samakristalu. Isakhiwo se-crystal singaba ngezindlela eziningana. Uma okumbiwa phansi kungahlaziywa ngeso lenyama kuzobizwa nge-crystal. Iningi lamaminerali lingamakristalu, ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kwangaphakathi kungabonakala ngeso lenyama njengekristalu.
Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi amaminerali kufanele ahlale enamakhemikhali achaziwe futhi lokhu kuzoya ngohlobo lwamaminerali ayiwo. Singazi ukuthi i-graphite nedayimane ekubunjweni okufanayo. Lokho wukuthi, akhiwe ngamakhemikhali afanayo, kepha anokuhleleka okuhlukile kwamangqamuzana. Lokhu kubenza babe ngamaminerali amabili ahluke ngokuphelele ekubukekeni nasekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezomnotho lokunye nokunye nakho kwehlukile.
Incazelo nokuhlukaniswa kwamatshe
Lapho sesazi ukuthi yini amaminerali nokuthi ahlukaniswa kanjani ngokuya ngesakhiwo nokwakheka kwawo, manje sekufanele sazi ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala. Ngokungafani namaminerali, amadwala angumphumela wezimo zezulu nokuma komhlaba, okuyilawo aphendula ukwakheka kwawo, ubukhulu bawo, njll. Lezi zici zamatshe ziyizinkomba zezinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba ezizidalile. Kulapha lapho ososayensi befundela khona ukuthola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ekuqondeni iplanethi yethu nokusetshenziswa kwamatshe njengezinsizakusebenza zamandla nezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali.
Amadwala, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwawo, ahlukile ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-3: igneous, sedimentary kanye ne-metamorphic. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedwala lunezici ezihlukile. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamatshe:
- Amatshe agneous: Yilezo ezakheke lapho i-magma iphola futhi iqina. Njengoba le magma iphola, amakristalu amaminerali ahlukahlukene akhiwa ukuze aphole ngaphakathi koqweqwe kuzoba inqubo ehamba kancane futhi uma iphola ngaphandle kuzoba inqubo esheshayo. Ukupholisa kwe-magma kuzokwenza ukuthi idwala libe lohlobo oluthile noma olunye. Isibonelo, uma i-magma ipholisa ngaphakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba, izobizwa ngama-plutonic igneous rocks. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-magma iphola ngaphandle koqweqwe lomhlaba, izokwakha amadwala ne-volcanic igneous evamise ukuba ngamakristalu acwebe kahle futhi amakhudlwana.
- Amatshe aseSedimentary: lawa matshe anenqubo ehlukile yokwakheka kunaleyo eyedlule. Akhiwa kusukela kokuminyaniswa noma ukuqiniswa kwezinsika. Ama-sediment ayizinsalela zamadwala ahlukanisiwe ngenxa yezinye izinqubo zezulu. Ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo noma ukumiswa kwengcindezi namandla adonsela phansi kwakha lawa matshe.
- Amatshe we-Metamorphic: akhiqizwa kusuka kwamanye ama-igneous, sedimentary, noma amanye amatshe we-metamorphic. Isimo sezulu yinqubo eyenzeka ngokomzimba noma ngamakhemikhali futhi ekwazi ukuguqula idwala futhi iliguqule libe elinye idwala elisha. Lezi zinguquko zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali zihamba ngoshintsho lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, njll.
Umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala
Lapho sesazazi izincazelo zazo zombili, singazi umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala. Kumele sazi ukuthi umehluko ukhona ekutheni amadwala akhiwe ngemixube engafani nezinye izinto ezifana nohlamvu noma amakristalu kanye nezimbiwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Idwala lingahlanganiswa ngamaminerali amaningana. Lapho idwala lakhiwa yiminerali eyodwa kuphela, laziwa njengedwala elilinganayo.
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi, ngenkathi amaminerali akhiwe ngendlela ezinzile futhi ngenombolo ye-athomu nefomula yamakhemikhali, amadwala akhiwa yinhlanganisela yawo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala.