Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubanga izinkinga ezinkulu zomhlaba esizobhekana nazo kuleli khulu leminyaka. Enye yalezi zinkinga imvamisa ekhulayo namandla wezehlakalo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu yisomiso. Ukuze kubhekwe isomiso ezweni lethu, a umbukeli wesomiso.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nombukeli wesomiso kanye nobuhle obunikezayo.
Imiphumela emibi yesomiso
Into yokuqala okufanele siyazi incazelo yesomiso. Isomiso sendawo sibonakala ngokuba nesikhathi eside imvula yayo ingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Namuhla kunezomiso ezinamandla amakhulu nobude besikhathi ukwedlula ezedlule. Lokhu kwanda kokuvama nokuqina kwale nto kukhombisa imiphumela emibi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okunayo kumandla womkhathi.
Uma sengeza kule nkinga inhlekelele yemvelo ehilelekile kuyo, kusho ukungalingani kwe-hydrological futhi amanzi aqala ukwethula emazingeni angaphansi kokujwayelekile. Konke lokhu kudala imithelela emibi engaba yimbi kakhulu kunaleyo eyenziwe yiziphepho ezinamandla kusukela lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuzichaza nokulindela. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abantu banamathuluzi okwazi ukubikezela izimvula ezinamandla. Kodwa-ke, isomiso kunzima kakhulu ukusilawula.
Ukwenza lokhu, umsebenzi wenziwe ukuthola umbukeli wesomiso. Umsebenzi wokuhlola ukuqina nemiphumela yesomiso ngamagama anenhloso kuvamise ukuba nzima kakhulu ngoba isomiso esinjalo sikhula kancane kancane nangokuhlukile esifundeni ngasinye esisifundayo. Imvamisa ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ukungabi khona kwemvula okungapheli esifundeni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekungalingani kwe-hydrological.
Izinhlobo zesomiso
Lesi simo sezulu esibi kakhulu sihlukaniswa ngokwesilinganiso sokushisa, ukuhwamuka, imvula, ukuphefumula, ukugeleza kanye nedatha eqoqwe emswakeni wenhlabathi endaweni ethile. Uma sifuna ukulinganisa isomiso, inkomba ejwayelekile yezulu noma inkomba yesomiso se-palmer iyasetshenziswa. Ngalezi zinkomba, sonke isifunda esithinteke kabi singabhekwa.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesomiso ezikhona:
- Isimo sezulu: Kulolu hlobo, imvula emaphakathi iphansi kunokujwayelekile, kepha akudingeki ukuthi kube khona ukuntuleka kwemvula.
- Ezolimo: inani lomswakama osemhlabathini futhi elidingekayo ezitshalweni lincane. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ziyathinteka.
- I-Hydrological: Yileso esenzeka lapho amanzi akhona ebusweni bomhlaba nangaphansi komhlaba engaphansi kwavamile.
- Ezomnotho: kungenye ethinta imisebenzi yabantu.
Kunezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesomiso ngokuya ngendawo nesikhathi sonyaka. Lapha sithola okulandelayo:
- Okwesikhashana: iyona etholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule lapho imvula ijwayelekile. Isibonelo, sinezingwadule lapho ukuntuleka kwemvula kuyinto ejwayelekile.
- Isizini: kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi esithile sonyaka.
- Okungaqondakali: Kugqama ngokuba nezikhathi ezimfushane nezingajwayelekile. Kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ngenxa yesikhashana.
- Okungabonakali: Kungenye yezinto ezixaka kakhulu ngoba, yize izimvula zina ngokwejwayelekile, amanzi ayahwamuka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isibukeli Sesomiso
Siyazi ukuthi isomiso sidalwa yilolu chungechunge lwezimvula ezingapheli esifundeni. Umoya uvame ukucwila futhi uholelwe ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa umswakama futhi kwakha inani elincane le- amafu. Njengoba kunenani elincane lamafu, imvula iyancipha. Njengoba inani labantu landa, izidingo zamanzi nazo ziyanda ngokwemvelo. Uma sengeza kulokhu imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, isomiso mhlawumbe sizoba njalo futhi sibe namandla kakhulu.
Lokhu, UMkhandlu Ophakeme Wophenyo Lwesayensi (CSIC), ngokubambisana ne-Aragonese Foundation for Research (ARAID), kanye ne-State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) benze uhlelo lokuqapha isomiso ngesikhathi sangempela. Kuyaziwa ngegama lombukeli wesomiso futhi inhloso ukwenza ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze ukwazi ukusheshe ulindele le nto.
Njengoba ingenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokulimala kwezolimo, ezomnotho nezemvelo, imiphumela yayo iyabonakala ngemuva kwesikhathi eside lapho kunemvula encane. Kunzima impela ukuchaza ukuthi kuyini ukuqala, ubude nobude bakhona. Ngakho-ke, ukudala isibukeli sesomiso kunganikeza imininingwane ezweni lonke ebuyekezwa masonto onke. Yini enye, ikuvumela ukuthi ubheke imininingwane yomlando ngokungabi bikho kwamanani emvula kusukela ngo-1961.
Uhlelo luyakwazi ukucubungula lonke ulwazi olutholwe ngesikhathi sangempela kunethiwekhi ye-AEMET yeziteshi ezizenzakalelayo zezulu kanye nenethiwekhi ye-SIAR (Agroclimatic Information System for Irrigation) yoMnyango Wezolimo, Ezokudoba Nezokudla. Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, izinkomba ezimbili zingabalwa ezibonisa ukuba khona kwalesi simo esibi kakhulu. Eqinisweni izinkomba zisuselwe kuphela kudatha yemvula ye-evapotranspiration. Ziyizinkomba ezifakwe kanye nolwazi lokufunwa komswakama womkhathi.
Ukubaluleka kwesibukeli sesomiso
Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kukhonjiswa kwesomiso ukuthi kwehluleka ukukhombisa ukungahambi kahle kwama-indices amabili maqondana nezimo ezijwayelekile endaweni ngayinye yensimu. Kuzo zonke izindawo lapho izimo zilungele isomiso, umqaphi angafinyelela khipha imininingwane bese ukhombisa ubude bayo namandla. Kuyizinkomba ezivumela ukuhlola inani elikhulu lemininingwane ukukhombisa imithelela engaba khona yalesi simo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukulungela nokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ngobungozi eSpain.
Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe imininingwane ebalazweni ngokukhetha inkomba ekhombisa isomiso sezulu, ubude besikhathi senkomba nedethi. Iphinde ivumele ukukhethwa kwendawo ethile futhi kungabonakala ngeso lengqondo ukuze ukwazi ukutadisha kangcono.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngombukeli wesomiso kanye nezici zawo.