I-Venezuela inezindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo ongazihlola, enye yazo okuyi Umbani weCatatumbo eZulia, indawo okufanele uyivakashele njengoba iyisimangaliso semvelo esiyingqayizivele Emhlabeni. Le ndawo isidume kuwo wonke umlando.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nombani weCatatumbo, izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.
Yini umbani weCatatumbo?
Umbani weCatatumbo uyinto eyingqayizivele yezezulu emhlabeni eyenzeka ngaphansi kweLake Maracaibo, ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eLatin America. Iqukethe isenzakalo laphookulandwayo okukhulu kunakho konke kuhlala kugxile emhlabeni jikelele futhi zenzeka kakhulu phakathi kukaMeyi noNovemba.
Umbani weCatatumbo ubangelwa:
- Ukuhwamuka kwechibi lechibi laseMaracaibo.
- Izintaba zeCordillera de Mérida zivimbela amafu ukuba anganyakazi.
Lezi zici ezimbili zenza inani elikhulu lokuguqubala kugxile endaweni, nokuphuma okuphumayo kusukela kuhwalala kuze kuse. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubona lesi simo kusesekuseni kakhulu, njengoba lesi isikhathi sokulandwa okuningi kanye nesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthwebula.
Ungafika kanjani kumbani weCatatumbo
Uma unentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi ungafika kanjani kumbani we-Catatumbo, silapha ukuze sikubonise umzila okufanele uwuthathe, kuye ngokuthi ukuphi, kunjalo.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufika e-Catatumbo ukusebenzisana nomuntu onolwazi wendawo. Isiqondiso esituswa kakhulu yilesi: U-Alan Hayden, indoda ehlale kule ndawo iminyaka engu-25, wafunda, wathwebula umbani futhi waqondisa abantu ukuthi babukele umbukiso. Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, silapha ukuzokunikeza indlela okufanele uyilandele eZulia ukuze ufinyelele endaweni yezindlu eziqinile lapho ungabona khona umbani.
Isitobhi sokuqala sokubona isimo sezulu sombani weCatatumbo yiPuerto de Concha, idolobha elisesifundeni saseZulia lapho izikebhe zisuka khona ziya emphakathini wase-Ologá. Kodwa ngalokho kufanele uzulazule emfuleni amahora. Phakathi nohambo uzokwazi ukubona inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane, ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinkawu ezithile endaweni.
Origen
Umsuka wokwakheka kombani weCatatumbo kumele utholakale emimoyeni yohwebo evela enyakatho-ntshonalanga-eningizimu-mpumalanga, lapho ungena ekucindezelekeni lapho ichibi likhona, lishayisana neSierra de Perijá (umngcele phakathi kweColombia neVenezuela) futhi likhiqiza inani elikhulu. yomoya ophansi onengcindezi engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda, ngaseCiénagas Creadas esibukweni samanzi.
Njengomphumela wokukhishwa kwamagesi ane-ionized, ikakhulukazi i-methane ekhiqizwa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo exhaphozini, elula kunomoya futhi evame ukukhuphuka, ukushayisana nemimoya evunguza evela e-Andes kubangela iziphepho nombani ophumela emafwini.
Ireferensi yokuqala yombani weCatatumbo yi-epic La Dragontea kaLope de Vega, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1597, mayelana noNombre de Dios. IMeya uDiego Suárez de Amaya wehlule isigebengu saseBrithani uSir Francis Drake. Kuchazwe isazi semvelo sasePrussia nomhloli wamazwe u-Alexander Humboldt njengokuthi "ukuqhuma kukagesi okufana ne-phosphorescence...", kamuva kwaphawulwa isazi sejografi sase-Italy u-Augustin Kodazzi "njengombani ngokusobala kaSully 'e-Yahe' nasezindaweni ezizungezile".
Ucwaningo oluyinhloko lwesimanje kwaba olweMelchor Centeno, owathi umsuka wokuduma kwezulu ubangelwa umjikelezo ovaliwe wemimoya esifundeni. Phakathi kuka-1966 no-1970, usosayensi u-Andrés Zavrostky, kanye nabasizi be-Universidad de los Andes, benza izinkambo ezintathu eSanta Bárbara del Zulia, futhi baphetha ngokuthi le ndawo izoba nezingqinamba eziningana emaxhaphozini aseCiénagas de Juan Manuel de Aguas. National Park. uClaras no-Aguas Negras entshonalanga yeLake Maracaibo; azizange zingene kuzo. Waphakamisa ngo-1991 ukuthi lesi simo sakhiqizwa umhlangano womoya oshisayo nobandayo, kodwa akazange akhiphe i-uranium njengesizathu esivamile esingase sibe khona, nakuba leli qiniso lokugcina lingelona nje ukuqagela.
Phakathi kuka-1997 no-2000, ithimba eliholwa uNelson Falcón waseNyuvesi yaseCalabobo lenza izinkambo ezimbalwa futhi lakwazi ukuthola indawo ephakathi kwalesi simo eCiénagas de Juan Manuel futhi lakhiqiza izithombe zokuqala ezincane zeCatatumbo lightning Physical model, i-methane ehlonziwe. . Njengesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo, nakuba futhi kuyimodeli evamile yokufakwa kukagesi wamafu, kusadingeka kuqinisekiswe izilinganiso ezinembile ngaphakathi kwefu lombani.
I-Methane futhi ibonakala ihlotshaniswa nombani enyangeni ye-Saturn i-Titan futhi ibonakala ihlotshaniswa nezinye izifunda zokusebenza. umkhathi kagesi obalulekile, njengaseningizimu yeFlorida namaphakathi ne-Afrika. Ngokwale modeli, i-methane ayiveli kuphela emaxhaphozini e-Hunan, kodwa futhi kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwengubo enamatshe, ecebile nge-kerogen III, umkhiqizo ohambisana nenqwaba yama-hydrocarbons alula avamile endaweni yaseLake Maracaibo.
Ngokuphambene neminye imibono Ehlukile, Lena imodeli yobuningi egxile ku-physics yokukhishwa okubonwayo, kuyinkolelo-mbono, hhayi nje ukucabanga mayelana "nokungqubuzana" kwezindawo zomoya ezishisayo nezibandayo, ezingachaza imvula kodwa hhayi ukubhekwa komsebenzi kagesi unomphela futhi ongavamile.
Akukaze kubonakale umbani kusukela ngoJanuwari 2010, isikhathi eside kunazo zonke ngaphandle kombani obonakalayo cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu, futhi kwesatshwa ukuthi ingase ihambe unomphela njengoba izwe lihlushwa isomiso esibi kakhulu.. Kodwa-ke ucwaningo lokubheka ukuthi lunyamalele yini luveze ukuthi aluzange lunyamalale, ukusebenza kwalo aluzange luphele, lwaluvele lungasabonakali ngeso lenyama, empeleni, ukwethuka kwalo okujwayelekile akuzange kunciphe.
Lapho kwenzeka kaningi
Umbani uvela esikhathini esithile ngemva kokushona kwelanga, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala noma isibhakabhaka sesimnyama, kodwa ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kufana nemini ngenxa yokuqhubeka kombani. Bathi kukhona cishe imibani engama-28 ngomzuzu phezu kweLake Maracaibo amahora ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngokusho kweNASA, uma kwenzeka, amandla anele azokhiqizwa ukuze kukhanye amalambu okukhanya ayizigidi ezingu-100, futhi ukushaya kombani kwemizuzu engu-10 eCatatumbo kuzokhanyisa yonke iNingizimu Melika, isenzakalo esiye sachazwa izikhathi eziningana ekhulwini leminyaka.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nombani weCatatumbo nezici zawo.