Omunye wemibuzo evame ukuvela njalo abantu abaye bazibuza yona emlandweni wonke ukuthi yini umbala indawo yonke. Ukubona izithombe ezincwadini zokufunda nokunye, kuvamile ukucabanga ukuthi umbala wendawo yonke umnyama. Nokho, iqiniso lihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi umbala wendawo yonke unjani, izici zawo nokuthi kungani unalowo mbala.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umkhathi uchazwa njengengqikithi ye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto, umfutho, amandla, nesikhathi nendawo. Ngokwenkolelo-mbono yokuqhuma okukhulu, indawo yonke ingaqondwa njengokwanda ngokuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezintathu zobukhulu (ubude, ubude, nokujula) kanye nohlangothi lwesine (okungukuthi, isikhathi).
Indawo yonke ibuswa yimithetho yemvelo engaguquki. Eziningi zalezi zingaqinisekiswa Emhlabeni, kuyilapho ezinye zisaphenywa noma okwamanje akwaziwa. Amabanga endaweni yonke makhulu kangangokuthi kufanele akalwe ngeminyaka yokukhanya. Unyaka owodwa wokukhanya ulingana nebanga ukukhanya kuhamba ngonyaka owodwa noma amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-9.500.
Umkhathi owaziwayo kuze kube manje uyingxenye nje yawo wonke umkhathi ngoba awunamkhawulo. Kodwa indawo yonke ebonakalayo noma ebonakalayo inomkhawulo, iqukethe wonke amandla nazo zonke izinto eziye zathinta indawo yonke kusukela ekudalweni kwayo.
Umkhathi obonakalayo usungule izici, okuyizi:
- Ngokusekelwe kokuphawuliwe, umkhathi obonakalayo uyisicaba ngokubukeka noma umumo.
- Umkhathi ucishe ulingane ne 46.500 billion light years futhi inwebeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ukusuka eMhlabeni. Kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaplanethi awazona izikhungo zendawo yonke, kodwa asebenza njengemibono ehlukanisa indawo yonke ebonakalayo.
Imithala yizindikimba zasezulwini, izinkanyezi kanye ne-cosmic matter egxile endaweni yomkhathi ngokusabela kumandla adonsela phansi, ahambisana neyunithi eyodwa endaweni yonke. Lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe imithala ezungezayo, imithala eyizimbotshana, imithala engavamile, nemithala eyi-lenticular ngokusekelwe ekumeni kwayo. Umkhathi kuqondwa ukuthi wenziwe ngama-athomu angu-4%, ama-23% amnyama abandayo, kanye nama-73% amandla amnyama.
- I-Atom: Ichazwa njengezinhlayiyana eziyisisekelo nebaluleke kakhulu zodaba olujwayelekile. Izinto ezingaphili, umhlaba, izinto eziphilayo, ngisho nabantu benziwe ngama-athomu.
- Indaba emnyama: Uhlobo lwento olungakhiqizi imisebe ye-electromagnetic.
- Amandla amnyama: kudala ukucindezela okwenza indawo yonke yande ngesivinini esisheshayo. Nakuba bungekho ubufakazi bokuhlola bokuba khona kwamandla amnyama, bungachaza ukunyakaza okunwebeka endaweni yonke ku-Standard Model ngokuphathelene ne-cosmology.
Umbala Wendawo Yonke
Umkhathi uyindawo egcwele izinto ezingaziwa, futhi umuntu uzama ukuphendula. Kuze kube yilanga lanamuhla, kuncane okwaziwayo ngobukhulu balo, okuphakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nezigigaba ezenzeka ngaphakathi kulo nezinto eziliqambayo. Manje, umbuzo olula kodwa omdala kakhulu ungagcina uphendulwe: Yimuphi umbala wendawo yonke?
Amamuvi ezinganekwane zesayensi kanye nokubona kwethu isibhakabhaka ebusuku kungasenza sikholwe ukuthi simnyama, noma okungenani amathunzi amnyama kakhulu. Manje iqiniso libukeka lihluke ngokuphelele.
Umbala we-Universe, yilokhu okufanele sikuthole kuqala. Umbala we-Universe awumnyama. U-Ivan Baldry, uprofesa e-John Moores University Institute of Astrophysics (Liverpool, UK), uchazele i-WordsSideKick.com ukuthi omnyama akuwona ngisho umbala. Iqiniso liwukuthi, umnyama umane "akukho ukukhanya okubonakalayo."
Ngamanye amazwi, inqobo nje uma kukhona ukukhanya, kunombala: ishintsha ngokuvumelana nokuguquguquka kokukhanya ngokwako. Emkhathini, izinkanyezi ngazinye nemithala zihlala zikhipha amaza okukhanya ahlukahlukene, ngakho ukungabikho kombala akusoze kwaba yinkinga.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba i-Universe igcwele ukukhanya, uKarl Glazebrook, uprofesa eSikhungweni Se-Astrophysics kanye ne-Supercomputing e-Swinburne University of Technology (Australia), kanye no-Baldry kanye nelinye iqembu lozakwabo, bazama ukunquma umbala ojwayelekile we-Universe.
Singawubona kanjani umbala wendawo yonke?
Kalula nje, ngokulinganisa amaza emisebe kagesi ayikhiphayo. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi leli qembu lihlanganisa izigaba ezifana imisebe ye-gamma, ama-X-ray, i-ultraviolet, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, imisebe ye-infrared, ama-microwave namaza omsakazo.
Esweni lomuntu, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanye amathuluzi, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuphela okubonakalayo ngoba ubude bamaza bakhona yibo kuphela esingabamba ngokwemvelo. Kuleli gagasi elincane lemisebe kagesi lapho sithola khona lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "umbala."
Ngakho ukuze sinqume ukuthi indawo yonke inombala onjani, into yokuqala okudingeka siyenze ukukala amaza okukhanya okubonakalayo akhishwa izinkanyezi nemithala. Bese, ngokudala ukuhlangana kwakho konke lokhu, ungabona umbala "omaphakathi" wendawo yonke.
Lesi samba samaza amaza yilokho uBaldry noGlazebrook abakubiza ngokuthi "i-cosmic spectrum." Ngocwaningo lwabo lwango-2002, lokho okubizwa nge-2dF Galactic Redshift Survey, ithimba labacwaningi laqoqa idatha kusuka ubude begagasi obubonakalayo emithalani engaphezu kuka-200,000 XNUMX endaweni yonke ebonakalayo.
Lona umzamo omkhulu kunayo yonke kuze kube manje wokunquma umbala wendawo yonke. Uma "imephu" isitholiwe ebonisa ububanzi obukhona be-wavelength, ingalinganiswa ngokuya ngendawo yombala ye-CIE. Zadalwa ngo-1931 yi-International Commission on Illumination, ziyisilinganiso sekhono lomuntu lokubona ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Uyini umbala wangempela wendawo yonke?
Uma idatha yakho isitholiwe futhi nohlelo lwekhompuyutha yakho seluthuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa indawo yombala ye-CIE, imiphumela yedatha ye-algorithm iyakwazi ukubikezelwa ngandlela thile. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, umbala wokugcina we-cosmic spectrum i-beige ekhanyayo, umzamo wokusondela omhlophe.
Abaningi babiza lo mbala ngokuthi i-cosmic latte.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nombala wendawo yonke yezici zayo.