Kuzindatshana eziningi ezihlobene ne- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba siqambe igama izikhathi eziningi Ulwandle lwaseThetis. Ulwandle olugeze idolobha laseCabra, leli dolobha liyindawo okuthandwa kuyo abatshuzi abangochwepheshe. Futhi ukuthi, endulo yonke le ndawo yayigezwa ngamanzi ayaziwa ngokuthi uLwandle lwaseTethys noma iTethys Ocean. Ungumzimba omkhulu wamanzi nomthombo wokuphila ophawule umlando nobume beplanethi yethu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka okwakukhona olwandle lwaseTethys.
Umlando wolwandle lwaseTethys
Ulwandle lwaseThetis kwakuwumzimba omkhulu wamanzi owawucishe ulingane ne-Asia. Kwakhiwa cishe cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule lapho wonke amazwekazi oMhlaba ehlangene ezwenikazi lase-super elaziwa ngegama lePangea. Kufanele wazi ukuthi leli lizwekazi elikhulu lamiswa futhi lalinomumo C. Ngaleso sikhathi uLwandle lwaseTethys kwakuwumzimba wamanzi owawusele ngaphakathi kuleli zwekazi futhi uzungezwe izinhlangothi zalo ezintathu. Kwakuwulwandle olungaphakathi nezwe olunezimpawu zamanzi ezifudumele, ezifudumele. Kodwa-ke, bekugcwele izidalwa zasolwandle, amadwala, amakhorali anemibala eminingi, iziqhingi zemvelo, njll.
Ngamafuphi, singasho ukuthi uLwandle lwaseThetis lwaluwumzimba omkhulu wamanzi olayishwe ngezilwane nezitshalo zempilo nokuthi ngokuqinisekile laliyobe lidume kakhulu ukube lalikhona namuhla. Linjalo-ke inani lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo lolu lwandle olwalukuzo ukuthi izidalwa eziningi ezazihlala kulolu lwandle zigcinwa namuhla ngezinsalela. Yonke le mivubukulo iyabonakala eJurassic Cabra Interpretation Center. Lesi sikhungo sifana nokuhambela okwedlule nokukwazi ukubona izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezazikhona kulolu lwandle.
Siyazi ukuthi uLwandle lwaseThetis lwaluyisizinda sezwekazi elikhulu, kepha nengaphandle lalizungezwe ngamanzi. Kulokhu ulwandle lwalubizwa ngokuthi iPanthalassa futhi yilokho okwaziwa namuhla njengePacific Ocean. Kunabantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi iPacific Ocean ayinkulu ngendlela ebukeka ngayo, kepha kufanele sazi ukuthi ithatha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabo bonke ubuso beplanethi.
Ukuvela kolwandle lwaseTethys
Siyakwazi lokho ngenxa imibukiso ye-convection kwengubo yoMhlaba kunokunyakaza kwamapuleti ama-tectonic aziwa ngokuthi Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi. Lokhu kukhukhuleka kwezwekazi kubangele ukuqhekeka kwezwekazi elikhulu iPangea kanye nokwehlukana okulandelayo nokuhanjiswa kwamapuleti ezwekazi ngobukhulu bolwandle. Kumele sazi ukuthi uLwandle iMedithera lwaqala ukwakhiwa kusuka olwandle olukhulu lwaseThetis. Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona oLwandle iMedithera litholwa ngofuzo oluya eTethys Ocean. Noma kunjalo, Kwakungelona uLwandle iMedithera olufanayo esilwaziyo namuhla, Kunalokho, kwakungamanzi amaningi agcwala ingxenye yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia neYurophu, ngaleso sikhathi eyayingelutho nje kuphela ngaphandle kweziqhingi zeziqhingi.
Ngazo zonke izilwane, izitshalo nemifula eyayikhona oLwandle iMedithera lasendulo, kwakungaziwa ukuthi kwenzekeni isayensi ingakatholi. Futhi ukuthi uLwandle iMedithera loma. Yize kubonakala kungakholeki, bekungokoqobo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kumiswa koLwandle iMedithera kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba kwamapuleti ama-tectonic. Lezi zingcwecwe zazivala izingxenyana zeRifeño neBetic, okwakuyizindawo kuphela lapho amanzi avela e-Atlantic ayengangena khona oLwandle lwaseTethys. Ngalesi sizathu, yonke le ndawo yaseMedithera esiyaziyo namuhla yaba ugwadule oluhehayo kasawoti omhlophe. Konke lokhu usawoti kwakuyikho okwakunamanzi ancibilikile. Lo mzuzu ekuthuthukisweni kweplanethi nesikhathi se-geological yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Messinian Salinity Crisis. Lesi siqephu esingajwayelekile, esihambisana nokuhamba kwezimoto, sikhiqize ukucishe kuphele ngokuphelele kwazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle.
Kamuva, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, iStrait of Gibraltar savulwa futhi iMedithera yagcwala futhi ngamanzi oLwandle i-Atlantic. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kwakhiwa khona uLwandle iMedithera esazi ukuthi ezinsukwini zethu sithathwa njengendodana yoLwandle lasendulo lwaseThetis.
Izilwane zasolwandle
Sizokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izilwane zasolwandle ezazikhona oLwandle lwaseTethys ngaleso sikhathi. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 eyedlule ama-cetaceans okuqala avela. AmaCetaceans yizilwane ezincelisayo zokuqala ezikwazile ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nempilo yasemanzini. Kungenye yezimangaliso zokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo nanamuhla Kubandakanya inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa olwandle lonke. Ulwandle iTethys lwalungeke lube lincane. Futhi bekuyikhaya lezinkulungwane zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini asogwini nangaphansi. Ake sibone ezinye zezinhlobo:
- Abakwa-Amoni
- IMixosaurus Ichthyosaur
- I-Placodont Placodus
- I-Prolacertiform Tanystropheus
- I-Sauropterygian Nothosaurus
Kuyaziwa ukuthi idolobha laseCabra neGeopark eliseSubbética kwake kwaba yikhaya lazo zonke lezi zilwane zasolwandle.
Ngubani igama?
Baningi abantu ababuza ukuthi kungani lolu lwandle lwabizwa ngale ndlela. U-Eduard Suess wayengudokotela wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba odumile wase-Austrian owayenothando lomhlaba we-geology. Kusukela eneminyaka engama-44 waqala ukufunda ngokujula kwama-plate tectonics futhi washicilela incwadi ethi Die Enststehung der Alpen. Kule ncwadi kuboniswe ukuthi izintaba zakhiwa ukunyakaza okuvundlile okuphika umhlaba, okuphikisana nalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaleso sikhathi.
U-Edward Suess uyaqhubeka nokufunda i-geology aze afinyelele eminyakeni engama-62, lapho ephinde wamangaza khona umphakathi wesayensi njengoba wakuthola lokho izinsalela ezitholwe ezintabeni empeleni kwakuyizidalwa zasolwandle. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakudingeka ukuthi kube khona amanzi amaningi awabhabhadisa ngegama lolwandle lwaseThetis.
Igama likaTethys livela kwititan namanzi asuka lapho isazi sokuma komhlaba sabhapathiza khona lolu lwandle ngaleli gama.
Kepha kwabasanda kwakhiwa bangafunda kabanzi ngolwandle lwaseTethys, izici zalo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.