Ulwandle lweBering

Ulwandle lweBering

Olunye lolwandle olwaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi olwehlukanisa iMelika neRussia yi ulwandle olubhodlayo. Ibizwa ngokuhlonipha uVitus Jonassen Bering. Imayelana nomhloli wamazwe waseDenmark owahola uhambo oluya endaweni yaseBeringia ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ulwandle olusenyakatho yePacific Ocean eduze ne-Alaska neRussia. Inezici ezithile ezikhethekile kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukwazi.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, ukwakheka nokuhlukahluka koLwandle iBering.

Izici eziyinhloko

ukwakheka kolwandle olubhodlayo

I-Bering Sea inesibopho sokuyihlukanisa namanye amaPacific ngenxa yobukhona beziQhingi zase-Aleutian, ne-Alaska Peninsula. Enye yezingxenye ezaziwa kakhulu kuyo yonke le ndawo iBering Strait. Inobubanzi bamakhilomitha angama-85 futhi uxhuma oLwandle iChukchi kanye ne-Arctic Ocean. Yonke le ndawo exhuma phakathi kokunye yiBering Strait.

Uma sihlaziya lonke ulwandle ebalazweni, siyabona ukuthi lumboza amakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Ukuma kwalolu lwandle kunelukuluku lokwazi. Futhi ukuthi inesimo esingunxantathu futhi iqukethe iBering Strait, iBristol Bay, iGulf of Anadyr neNorton Sound. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu lwandle luqukethe ezinye iziqhingi ezibandakanya okulandelayo: iDiomedes, iSan Mateo Island, isiQhingi saseKaráguinski kanye neSledge Island, kanye nemihosha engaphansi kwamanzi engaba ngu-16.

Kulolu lwandle kukhona ukujikeleza kwemisinga yamanzi ethi kuthonywa yimanje yase-Alaska. Ukugeleza okuletha amanzi kuleli bheshi kuvela kulo mfula. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zokuziphatha kolwandle, kuyaziwa ukuthi indawo engaphezulu iyabanda kanti amanzi ajulile afudumele. Amanzi afudumele ayethulwa evela ePacific Ocean. La manzi ahamba ebunzimeni obuningi beziqhingi ngaseningizimu.

Esinye sezici lolu lwandle olwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngenxa yendawo esikuyo nezindawo ezahlukahlukene ingxenye yasenyakatho ivame ukuba yiqhwa ebusika. Ngokuvamile ulwandle olubandayo impela. Uyabona ukuthi ubusika obuningi bufriziwe futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo ungaqopha amazinga okushisa kwamanzi angaphansi kuka-zero degrees. Ngaphandle kokucabanga komuntu, usawoti walolu lwandle uphansi kakhulu. Ukugxila kasawoti okuthe xaxa kungatholakala kwezinye izindawo ezijulile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kungukujula okuguquguqukayo, kungashiwo ukuthi ingxenye yolwandle ingaphansi kwamamitha angama-200 ukujula. Kwezinye izingxenye, ngaphansi nje kwamamitha ayi-152 kanti kokunye ifinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-3.600.

Indawo ejulile yoLwandle iBering itholakala eBowers Basin cishe ngamamitha angu-4.067 ukujula.

Ukwakhiwa koLwandle iBering

ukudoba ngokweqile

Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi, ekwakhiweni koLwandle iBering, iminyaka yoLwandlekazi iPacific kufanele ilinganiswe, ngoba ithonywe kakhulu yiyo. Iminyaka elinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-750 yezigidi. Ngenkathi iRodinia, eyaziwa njenge-supercontinent eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1.000 eyedlule, iqala ukwakheka, le ndawo yonke yayihamba ngenqubo yokwehlukana. Ngenkathi amazwe ehlukana, uLwandlekazi iPacific lwahlukana futhi lwangena olwandle iBering.

Lolu lwandle lumisa lonke ulwandle ngesikhathi se- Isikhathi se-Eocene. Ingxenye eyinhloko ebhekele ukuhlukanisa lonke ulwandle ukwakheka kwe-arc yeziQhingi ze-Aleutian. IBering Sea yakhiwa ishelufu elibanzi lamazwekazi elizungezwe uchungechunge lwe-Aleutian Islands neBering Strait. Le nkundla iqhamuke ngenxa yokushayisana kwamapulatifomu esikhathini sokuqala seCretaceous phakathi empumalanga yeSiberia neNorth Slope Block. INorth Slope Block iyindawo esenyakatho ye-Alaska.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zoLwandle iBering

Umugqa we-Bering

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ulwandle olunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Catshangelwa isikhathi eside njengohlelo lwezinto zasolwandle ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Zonke izindawo ze-arctic ezikhona phakathi kweRussia, i-Alaska neCanada ziyahlomula ngokuba khona kwale nhlobonhlobo yezinto eziphilayo. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emanzini alo ungathola inqwaba yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo, ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane ezinosayizi omncane kakhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-160 zama-algae ezintantayo ezinemvelo yazo oLwandle iBering. Isibonelo, sithola ulwelwe olukhulu olukhulu olunsundu olukwaziyo ukwakha amahlathi aluhlaza kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu oLwandle iBering yilezi ezilandelayo:

  • UWalrus
  • Umkhomo
  • Whale Boreal
  • INorth Pacific Right Whale
  • ISteller's Sea Lion
  • Ukudla kwasolwandle
  • Kuwo wonke
  • Salimoni
  • i-herring
  • Ikhodi yasePacific
  • Inkalankala ebomvu ebomvu
  • AmaHedgehogs
  • Izinkanyezi zasolwandle

Futhi uhlu luyaqhubeka. Kukhona inani elicishe libe ngama-420 wezinhlanzi ezisize ekwandeni kokudoba kanye nebhizinisi nalo. Kodwa-ke, kunemithelela kanye nezinsongo ezithinta uLwandle iBering.

Izinsongo

Khumbula ukuthi umthelela womuntu ubangela izinkinga eBering Sea. Futhi ukuthi yindawo esengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni emibi yokushisa komhlaba. Ukuba yindawo eseduze ne-Arctic Ocean kuthinteka ukukhuphuka kwamazinga wamanzi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamakhekheba eqhwa asezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi, njengoba ulwandle olukhiqiza kakhulu ekudobeni, ihlushwa ukuxhashazwa futhi izinkinga zibangelwe ezinhlotsheni eziningi. Isibonelo, indawo esentshonalanga isesimweni sokudoba ngokweqile nokudoba okungekho emthethweni.

Izingxenye zoLwandle iBering zingcoliswe ngenqwaba yemfucumfucu engokwemvelo nezinto ezinobuthi. Inkinga ngalezi zinto ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuziqeda. Emzimbeni wezilwane eziningi zasolwandle kuye kwatholakala ama-biphenyls ane-polychlorinated okuyizinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphikelelayo, iminonjana ye-mercury, lead, selenium ne-cadmium. Sibona futhi eminye imithelela evela ezimotweni zasolwandle eziphazamisa impilo yasolwandle kanye nengozi enkulu yokuchitheka kukawoyela.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle iBering.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.