Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolwandle oluqukethe iziqhingi eziningi ngaphakathi kwalo futhi olwalungaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlelo ezinkulu zamakhorali emhlabeni. Imayelana ne- ulwandle lwamakhorali. Ulwandle oluyingxenye yeSouth Pacific Ocean futhi lunendawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-4.800.000. Zibaluleke kakhulu ngokombono wokongiwa kwemvelo ehlukahlukene njengoba kukhona iGreat Barrier Reef, eyamenyezelwa njenge-World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO ngo-1981.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokubaluleka koLwandle lwaseCoral.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lolwandle olugeza amachibi ala mazwe alandelayo: i-Australia, iNew Caledonia (iFrance), iPapua New Guinea, iSolomon Islands neVanuatu. Igama lalo livela ngokuqukethe ngaphakathi kwalo iziqhingi eziningi kanye nohlelo lwamakhorali amakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ixhunywe enyakatho-ntshonalanga noLwandle i-Arafura, ngeTorres Strait. Umngcele woLwandle iSolomon ngasenyakatho, uLwandle lwaseTasman ngaseningizimu nolwandle olucashile olusePacific ngasempumalanga.
Ulwandle olunamamitha ayi-2.394 ukujula okulingene, yize lusekujuleni kwalo lufinyelela kumamitha ayi-9.140. Lolu lwandle lunelukuluku lokuthi imisinga yalo eyinhloko yakha i-gyroscope ohlangothini oluphikisana newashi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iphuzu layo elijulile likhiqiza imisinga eguqulwa isenzo somphumela weCoriolis. Uhlelo lwamanje lufaka i-East Australian Current. Lo msinga unesibopho sokuhambisa amanzi afudumele ukusuka enyakatho aye oLwandle iTasman, okuvame ukubanda. Lokhu kwehluka kwamazinga okushisa yikho okwenza ukuthi ibe nemisinga enamandla. Isikhathi samanje esiphethe ingxenye efudumele yamanzi abandayo sandisa umfutho waso phakathi nenyanga kaFebhuwari futhi sibuthakathaka ngenyanga ka-Agasti.
Isimo Sezulu Samakhorali
I-Coral Sea inezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka elihluka ngokuya ngobubanzi esikubo. Isibonelo, engxenyeni eseningizimu sinamanzi abandayo angaba ngu-19 degrees. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinengxenye esenyakatho, amanzi afudumele anamanani azungeze ama-degree angama-24. Inenkomba kasawoti ezoba cishe ngama-34.5–35,5 ‰ (izingxenye ngenkulungwane), ngakho-ke ayinawo usawoti omningi. Futhi ukuthi amanzi oLwandle iCoral agqame ngoba anezinga eliphakeme lobukhali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izixhobo zamakhorali.
Esikhathini sezulu salolu lwandle sithola izivunguvungu ezinamandla ezishisayo ezivame kakhulu kulo. Lezi zivunguvungu zasezindaweni ezishisayo zivame kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kubantu abahlala emaphethelweni alo nasezindleleni. Iziphepho zaseTropical zenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Iziqhingi ZaseCoral Sea
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ulwandle oluneziqhingi eziningi ngaphakathi kwalo. Ngaphandle kweGreat Barrier Reef sithola amaqembu eziqhingini abalulekile. Imifula neziqhingi zayo kunothile ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo sithola izinyoni nenani elikhulu lempilo yasemanzini. Lo mnotho wezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo awuyithandi imisebenzi yokudoba kuphela, kepha futhi uyindawo evamile yezivakashi. Ineziqhingi eziningi okuyizindawo zabavakashi kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, umnotho wamazwe azungeze uLwandle iCoral ungachuma kahle. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi iziqhingi eziyinhloko zoLwandle lwaseCoral:
Zitholakala eduze nogu olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia futhi zakhiwa cishe iziqhingi ezingama-30 neziqhingi neziqhingana ezingaba ngu-50 ezincane. Lezi ziqhingi zehlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene futhi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Iqembu LaseNyakatho Ntshonalanga, lapho kunezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu I-Osprey Reef, iLihou Reef futhi i Isiqhingi saseWillis.
- IMellish Reef, umqhele wamanzi osendaweni engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-300 ukusuka ogwini lwase-Australia.
- Southeast Group, ezenziwe ngemifula UFrederick, uKenn, uSaumarez, uWreck noCato, lapho indawo ephakeme kakhulu yalezi ziqhingi ikhona, amamitha ayi-6 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
- Iqembu laseNingizimu, okwakhiwe yizixhobo zamatshe UMiddleton no-Elizabeth.
Iziqhingi zaseChesterfield ziseFrance futhi zitholakala cishe amakhilomitha angama-550 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNew Caledonia. Kuneziqhingi eziyi-11 ezingenabantu ngokuphelele ezinwetshiwe cishe zingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-11. Zonke iziqhingi nemifula yamakhorali kuhlakazeke impela ngaphakathi kukwelexande ongamakhilomitha ayi-120 × 70. Iziqhingi ezikule ngxande zinikezwa amagama alandelayo:
- Isla URenard.
- Ama-Arrecifes induku.
- Cayo Amathambo.
- Iziqhingi Chesterfield maphakathi.
- Iziqhingi Avon
- Ile Longue.
- Iziqhingi zase I-Mouillage.
- Iziqhingi I-Anchorage.
- Isiqhingi Isidlo.
- Izixhobo I-Bellona.
Ukubaluleka kwezixhobo zamakhorali
Siyazi ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali zifana namahlathi emvula asemanzini eza ngobukhulu, ubukhulu, nemibala ehlukene. Futhi kungukuthi amakoloni ezinkulungwane zezilwane ezincane ezibalulekile ekusindeni kwamanye amakhulu ezigidi zabantu futhi amele ama-25% ezilwane zasolwandle zomhlaba. Kulezi zixhobo zamanzi uzothola izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nezimbaza nezimfudu, izinyoni zamanzi noshaka. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zintekenteke impela futhi ukusinda kwazo kusengozini ngenxa yemiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba.
Imifula yamakhorali ayihlinzeki kuphela ngokukhosela nokudla iphesenti lezilwane zasolwandle zomhlaba wonke, kepha futhi iyindawo eheha izivakashi ekhiqiza imali engenayo yezigidi zamadola. Ngokombono wemvelo, kuyasivikela ezikhukhuleni, kuma-tsunami futhi kunikela ekuvikelekeni kokudla ngokudoba. Kufanele futhi sazi ukuthi kunemithi eminingi elwa nomdlavuza ekhishwa ezixhotsheni zamakhorali.
Kumele sazi ukuthi ziyindawo yemvelo yezinhlobo eziningi ezisengozini njengezimpaphe zasolwandle, ama-anemone, ama-gorgoni, phakathi kwabanye. Umbiko we-UNEP uphinde uqhakambise ukubaluleka kwamakhorali emnothweni waseMesoamerica nase-Indonesia, izifunda ezimbili lezo Ngaphezulu kwamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-34.000 umuntu ngamunye angafakwa ephaketheni phakathi kwamanje no-2030 uma sithuthukisa impilo yamakhorali.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle lwaseCoral nezimpawu zalo.