Phakathi kwezilwandle ezitholakala kulo lonke i-Indian Ocean sine- ulwandle lwama-arabiya. Yaziwa nangokuthi uLwandle lwase-Oman noma uLwandle lwase-Arabia. Kungumthamo omkhulu wamanzi anosawoti obaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho njengoba kuyindlela yezohwebo exhumanisa iYurophu nezwekazi laseNdiya. Ngaphambi kokubizwa ngoLwandle lwase-Arabia lwalwaziwa ngamanye amagama njengoLwandle lwasePheresiya, uLwandle i-Eritrea nolwandle lwaseNdiya.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsongo zoLwandle lwase-Arabia.
Izici eziyinhloko
Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Indian Ocean. Kuboshwe entshonalanga yiPhondo le-Afrika neNhlonhlo yase-Arabia ne-Yemen ne-Oman emaphethelweni ayo, empumalanga yi-Indian subcontinent, enyakatho yiPakistan ne-Iran, naseningizimu yingxenye ye-Indian Ocean. Esinye sezimanga ukuthi lolu lwandle lukhona ukuthi azikho iziqhingi phakathi. Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo lapho ukujula okumaphakathi kweqa amamitha ayi-3.000.
UMfula i-Indus yiwona ofanele kakhulu ogeleza kuyo yonke indawo yawo. Ungomunye wemifula ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza amanzi kulolu lwandle. Indawo yayo ifaka iGulf of Aden, iGulf of Khambhat, iGulf of Kutch, neGulf of Oman, exhunywe nePersian Gulf ngeStrait of Hormuz. Kuyo yonke le mizimba emincane, iGulf of Aden neGulf of Oman ngamagatsha ayo abaluleke kakhulu.
Akusilo ulwandle oluncane ngosayizi, kepha akusilo nolunye olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Indawo ephelele yoLwandle lwase-Arabia kungamakhilomitha-skwele angaba yizigidi ezingama-3.8. Kwezinye izindawo kunokujula okukhulu okusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kunciphise nemithelela kwezemvelo. Indawo ejulile yolwandle lonke ingamamitha angama-4652. Indawo ebanzi kakhulu ibhalisa cishe amakhilomitha angama-2.400 XNUMX, kube yizilwandle ezibanzi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalezi zici isibe ngomunye wemizila ebalulekile yaseYurophu nezwekazi laseNdiya.
Isimo Sezulu Sase-Arabia
Sizokuchaza isimo sezulu esikhona kule ndawo. Singachaza uhlobo lwesimo sezulu esisukela ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amanzi alo afudumele ngokulingene anesikhungo esibhalisa amazinga okushisa aphakathi kwamazinga angama-25. Siyazi ukuthi izici zalolu lwandle zithonywe kakhulu ubukhona bezimvula. AmaMonsoon yizikhathi zemvula enamandla evame ukushiya izinhlekelele zezomnotho. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi cishe phakathi kwezinyanga zika-Ephreli no-Okthoba, imimoya iqala ukuvunguza ibheke eningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanti unyaka wonke uvame ukushaya kolunye uhlangothi.
Kungalezi zinyanga ezithile lapho izinguquko zemvelo zenzeka khona. Konke kuqala ngokupholisa kobuso bolwandle. Okufanayo kuya noshintsho kumagagasi olwandle. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi imisinga yolwandle phakathi nalezi zinyanga zonyaka iyahlehliswa. Kukhiqizwa indawo yomoya-mpilo omncane Kuyisici sokwehla okukhulu komoya-mpilo esifundeni solwandle. Lezi zimo zikhiqiza ukwakheka kokuphakama. Izindonga zamanzi zihanjiswa ngumoya ophethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezithinta izindawo zase-Oman, Yemen neSomalia. Ngenxa yokufakwa kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nalezi zici, isifunda esisenyakatho solwandle sicebile ngezimbali nezilwane. Icebile ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezimvula.
Ukwakhiwa koLwandle lwase-Arabia
Ake sibone ukuthi yimaphi amaphuzu enza lolu hlobo lwasolwandle. Ukwakhiwa koLwandle lwase-Arabia kwakuhlobene nokwase-Indian Ocean. Ngaphambi kwalolu lwandle, kwakukhona ulwandle iTethys. Lolu lwandle lwalunomthwalo wokuhlukanisa ingxenye yeGondwana, eningizimu, neLaurasia, kuya enyakatho, ngesikhathi esiningi seMesozoic. Yilapho kucatshangwa ukuthi ngezikhathi zeJurassic nezasekupheleni kweCretaceous Yilapho-ke uGondwana aqala khona ukuqhekeka wakha lokho okwaziwa namuhla njenge-Afrika ne-India.
Okunye futhi, ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous Madagascar naseNdiya kwahlukaniswa ngokuqinisekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Indian Ocean yakwazi ukukhulisa isikhala sayo futhi nolwandle i-Arabia lwaqala ukwakheka lubheke enyakatho. Konke lokhu kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-India yayihamba ngejubane cishe lamasentimitha ayi-15 nanhlanu ngonyaka ibheke eYurophu.
I-Biodiversidad
Lolu lwandle alugcinanga nje ngokuba ngumzila ophakathi kweYurophu nezwekazi laseNdiya, kodwa futhi lunenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo. Inesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo ngenxa umehluko wezinga lokushisa okhona phakathi komhlaba nomhlabathi. Lolu shintsho emazingeni okushisa nokwehluka okuqhubekayo yilokho okwenza izikhukhula zikhiqize. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zasolwandle ngaphakathi kolwandle njengamakhorali, amadlelo otshani basolwandle, imihlume yasogwini namabhange esihlabathi, phakathi kokunye. Zonke lezi zinto eziphilayo seziphenduke ikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nezinambuzane zasolwandle ezingenamgogodla.
Izimbali zimelwe yi-algae ebomvu, ensundu noluhlaza okotshani. Ngokungafani nezilwane, izimbali azicebile kangako. Izilwane zingumbukwane omangalisa ngokwengeziwe. Iyasinda ngenxa yochungechunge lokudla oluqala ngeplankton lokho ithuthukisa ukubonga kulokho okushiwo ngenhla. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwenziwa ngesikhathi semvula futhi kusiza ekugcineni amanzi ondle unyaka wonke.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane eziphawuleka kakhulu sinenhlanzi ye-lantern, ufudu oluhlaza, ufudu lwe-Hawksbill, i-barracuda, inhlanzi yamantombazane, i-fin whale, i-sperm whale, i-orca, ama-lobster, izinkalankala namanye amahlengethwa.
Izinsongo
Ekugcineni, sizobona izinsongo lolu lwandle olunazo njengoba kuyindlela ebalulekile yezentengiselwano yasolwandle phakathi kweYurophu neAsia. Njengoba isibalo esikhulu semikhumbi sidlula kulezi zindawo, kusobala impela ukuthi kunezinkinga zezingozi zemvelo ezitholakala kule misebenzi yabantu. Ukuchitheka kukawoyela kulimaze impilo futhi kwabulala izilwane eziningi kubandakanya nezinyoni zasolwandle. Umonakalo ololu lwandle uyanda njalo ngoba imikhumbi eminingi yileyo ehambisa la manzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudoba kunengcindezi enkulu ezinhlotsheni zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ayenziwa njalo ngendlela esimeme futhi izindlela zokubamba zingabandakanya ukudoba ngengozi noma ukulimaza imvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle lwase-Arabia nezimpawu zalo.