Ngokuvamile, siyazi ukuthi izinga lokushisa liyancipha ngokuphakama. Lokhu kwehluka kwaziwa ngegama le- mpo umyela ezishisayo, futhi kungenxa yokuthi umthombo wokushisa okhipha umkhathi uvela phansi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya kude nomthombo, umoya uzobanda.
Le gradient ingashintshwa ngezinqubo eziningana: ukwehla okungazelelwe noma ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi noma imimoya enamandla. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono, kulokhu okukhethekile sizobona ukuthi yini isakhiwo somoya futhi kungani izinga lokushisa lishintsha njengoba sikhuphuka.
Ukwakheka komkhathi
Umkhathi wakhiwe izingqimba ezi-5: the troposphere, lo stratosphere, lo mesosphere, lo i-thermosphere futhi i umkhathi.
- I-Troposphere: kulapho sikhona, futhi sinokuphakama okungaba cishe 12km. Yilapho amafu akha khona, izitshalo nezilwane, sithola ulwandle nezingwadule, njll.
- I-Stratosphere: itholakala phakathi kwe- 12 no-50km wokuphakama, lapho sizobona izindiza ezinkulu kakhulu.
- I-Mesosphere: itholakala phakathi kwe- 50 no-80km wokuphakama. Yilapho amagagasi omsakazo 'ahamba khona', nalapho imisebe ye-cosmic ifika khona.
- I-Thermosphere: phakathi 80 no-690km wokuphakama amalambu asenyakatho azovela, ngaphezu komkhumbi-mkhathi ku-Earth orbit.
- I-Exosphere: futhi ekugcineni, kusuka ku-690km ubude sizothola iSputnik I.
Kuqondile ezishisayo umyela
Njengoba sishilo, izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile lehla ngokuphakama. Ku-troposphere inenani elilinganisiwe le- amadigri ayisithupha ngekhilomitha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma, ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa olwandle lingu-15 degrees, endaweni ephakeme cishe yamakhilomitha amahlanu, lizofinyelela kunani lama- -15 degrees (ukwehla kwama-30 degrees).
Imisebe yelanga ayifinyeleli kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ngendlela efanayo, futhi futhi ayifinyeleli ezinkathini zonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezipholile i-gradient eshisayo inkulu kakhulu kunasendaweni eshisayo, 1ºC kuwo wonke ama-155m wokuphakama, ngenxa yokuncishiselwa okuncane ekutholayo kanye nokujiya okuncane komkhathi. Futhi kulezi zindawo ezifanayo ukwehluka okuhlukile kwenzeka ngenxa yomumo wokukhululeka kanye nebanga okusuka enkabazwe, kanye nasezigxotsheni.
Ezingxenyeni ezisentabeni, izinga lokushisa lehla ngezinga elilodwa kuwo wonke ama-180m wokuphakama cishe, ngoba umkhathi mkhulu futhi usondelene kakhulu nolayini we-equatorial. Kulokhu, kwengezwa ekuhambeni okujikelezayo kweplanethi uqobo, isimo sezulu esifudumele senziwa.
Kodwa kwezinye izindawo zomkhathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, okungukuthi, ukuthi izinga lokushisa landa ngokukhuphuka. Kulokhu i-gradient eshisayo mpo kuthiwa yiyo engemihle. Isibonelo: uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngama-degree angama-21 emthambekeni ongu-1 km, kuthiwa i-thermal gradient emile ilingana no--2ºC ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Ngisho nakwezinye izingqimba ze-troposphere kungenzeka, kukhiqize lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kokushisa.
Ukushintshwa kokushisa nakho kuyenzeka engxenyeni engenhla ye-stratosphere. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ku-mesosphere izinga lokushisa liyancipha ngokwesilinganiso lapho likhuphuka, okungukuthi, i-gradient ye-thermal eqondile ilungile.
Ku-thermosphere, izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngokuphakama futhi, ngakho-ke, i-gradient yokushisa mpo iba yimbi futhi kule ndawo yomkhathi.
Kuyini ukungena kwe-thermal?
Lesi yisenzeko esenzeka lapho umhlaba upholiswa ngokushesha yimisebe, yona epholisa umoya oxhumana nayo. Futhi, umoya obandayo, osindayo ungqimba oluphezulu uya ubanda kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ijubane lapho izingqimba ezimbili zomxube womoya zehla kakhulu.
Imvamisa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusika, okuholela ezinkungwini eziphikelelayo nesithwathwa. Yize ukuguqulwa kuvame ukwephuka ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ezimweni ezingezinhle ingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho umoya oxhumana nomhlabathi ushisa futhi uphinde umise ukusakazwa kwe-troposphere.
Isibonelo esicacile sokutshalwa kwemali singabonakala ku- Lima, ngenxa ye-Humboldt yamanje. Lo msinga wasolwandle upholisa ugu, futhi izingqimba ezingaphezulu, ezifudumele, zenza isibhakabhaka sibe namafu kakhulu nokuthi le ndawo inesimo sezulu esipholile nesomile kunokuba bekufanele icabangele ububanzi bayo.
Noma kunjalo, uma kungekho zinguquko esibhakabhakeni somoya, okungukuthi, uma kungekho ukungazinzi emkhathini noma kungekho zindawo ezisebenzayo, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka maqondana nokuphakama, kwezinye izindawo ngaphezu kwezinye.
Ubuwazi ukuthi i-gradient eshisayo mpo yayiyini nokuthi yayiqukethe ini? Ingabe ikusizile?
ngiyabonga kungisizile kakhulu
Ulwazi oluhle. Yize bengingathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe ngakho.
Kunokuthile enginokungabaza noma ngabe babenephutha lapho bethi "umhlaba uphola ngokushesha ngemisebe" umhlabathi ungapholiswa yi-convection, ngokuhlangana nomoya obandayo. Ngemisebe kungaba yimisebe yelanga futhi kuleso simo bekuzoshisa, ngabe kufana nokuphawula kwami? Ngiyabonga kakhulu!
ILanga akuwona ukuphela komzimba okhipha imisebe. Yonke imizimba ngoba isezingeni lokushisa likhipha imisebe. Ubuso bomhlaba bethola imisebe eminingi emini kunokuba ikhiphe futhi ishise, kuthi ebusuku kwenzeke okuphambene nalokho, ikhipha imisebe eminingi kunaleyo eyamukelayo nepholile. Umoya ungumqhubi ompofu wokushisa futhi imvamisa uyisivikelo esishisayo. Lapho umoya unyakaza, uhambisa ukushisa kangcono (i-convection), kepha le ndlela isebenza kuphela lapho umhlaba ushisa futhi nomoya osondele kuwo uyashisa futhi, njengoba ulula ukwedlula umoya ongaphezulu, uvama ukukhuphuka.
Namanje angiqondi ukuthi kungani izinga lokushisa landa ku-troposphere nokuthi kungani liphinde lehla futhi ku-mesosphere
Angiqondi ukuthi kungani i- «Vertical Thermal Gradient is positive lapho i-T incipha ngokuphakama». Ngicela, ungisize ngikuqonde
Isibonelo 1:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(-10-5)/(100-10)=-15/90; GTV < 0
Isibonelo 2:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(-10-(-8))/(100-10)=-2/90; GTV < 0
Isibonelo 3:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(15-20)/(100-10)=-5/90; GTV < 0
Ukulawula,