ISundial

Impela wake wabona i- ukushanela kwelanga futhi awazi ngempela ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani. Luhlobo lwensimbi eyenzelwe ukukala ukuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuhamba kwelanga. Ukumelwa okucacile kwalolu hlobo lwewashi kuzokwenziwa kusuka ethunjini elikhiqizwe yi-stiletto esaziwa ngegama lesitayela noma i-gnomon. Ukuze wazi ukuthi isikhathi sihamba kanjani usuku lonke, isethulo senziwa etafuleni lapho kubhalwa khona amamaki ahlukene. Isithunzi se-stylet siqanjwa ngelanga futhi siqoqwa ngaphezulu ngokuvamile okuyisicaba noma okuyindilinga.

Kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici nomlando wemvelaphi yesundial.

Umlando we-sundial

Lolu hlobo lwewashi lwaziwa nangegama lokudayiswa kwelanga. Kwakungewona amaGreek aqala ukuphatha le ndaba, yize imvamisa lolu hlobo lwensimbi lwakhiwa yibo. Kulokhu, sithola abaseGibhithe okwathi, emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX BC, base beqalile ukwehlukanisa ubusuku nemini baba izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ukwahlukaniswa kwemini nobusuku kube izingxenye ezilinganayo kwaqala ukwenziwa ngokuvela kwezinkanyezi ezithile. Yile ndlela abakwazi ngayo ukucabanga nokuklama izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwazi ukuhamba kwesikhathi.

Inkinga ngaleli fomu ukuthi belingaphatheki. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi imipiramidi yaseGibhithe yayivele iqondiswe ngendlela ethile ukwazi ukwazi ukuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-obelisk aklanywa ngalesi sikhathi nawo agcwalise lo mbono wokulinganiswa kwelanga. Kamuva, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, ngezikhathi zamaGrikhi nezamaRoma, kunemibhalo eminingi eveza ubufakazi bokuthi le sundial yenziwa.

Isebenza kanjani

I-sundial isuselwe ikakhulu esithunzini esibhalwa ngosiba ebusweni. Njengoba ilanga linokuma okuhlukile njengoba umhlaba usebenza ukuzungeza kwawo, amahora ahlukene osuku angabanjwa phezulu bese ipeni lizoveza isithunzi ngokwesikhathi sosuku esikulo.

Kufanele ucabange ngokuhamba okusobala kwelanga nganoma yiluphi usuku. Ilanga liphuma empumalanga, lidlule eningizimu emini, bese lishona entshonalanga. Emini kubhekwa ngo-12 ekuseni. Ukuhamba kwelanga okucatshangelwayo phakathi nalesi sikhathi kungukuhamba okuqhubekayo. Sinyamalala entshonalanga siphinde sihambele empumalanga, kodwa njengoba senza kanjalo, kusebusuku kithina. Ngale ndlela sikubona lokho yonke indlela yelanga ine-engeli yama-degree angama-360 cishe emahoreni angama-24. Ijubane elihamba kancane ngalo lingama-degree angama-15 we-sexagesimal ngehora.

Uma sesikwazi lokhu, kufanele sicabange ukuthi ilanga lenza ukuhamba okubonakalayo ngokuguqula i-eksisi yomhlaba. Uma sifuna ukwazi ukuthi isikhathi sini ngokusho kokuhamba kwelanga, kufanele sibe nommeli othembeke ngangokunokwenzeka ekunyakazeni kokujikeleza komhlaba. Isitayela se-sundial yethu kufanele sifane nokutsheka kwe-eksisi yomhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthambekela okumele ukuthi lesi sitayela sibe nakho maqondana nokuma mpo kwendawo esikuyo kumele kulingane nobubanzi esikuwo.

Ungayenza kanjani isundial

Sizokhuluma ngeziqondiso ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukwenza isundial ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulokhu, ukwenziwa kwelanga kuqala ngokubekwa kwesitayela noma isitayela sokuqondisa kwe-eksisi yomhlaba. Okungukuthi, cishe dKufanele sibeke isitayela ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ningizimu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sitayela sisezingeni elifanele, kufanele siqinisekise ububanzi bendawo esikuyo. Ububanzi bendawo esihlala kuyo bungafundwa kusuka ku- hlela imephu.

Lapho sesibeke usiba lokuloba sesivele sinenkululeko yethu enqunyiwe. Ngenxa yalesi latitude siyazi ukuthambekela okufanele sibeke ngaso ipeni. Manje sidinga nje ukudweba i-quadrant lapho kubonakala khona isithunzi bese simaka amahora wosuku. Ku-quadrant noma ebhodini sizobeka ngandlela thile uhlobo lwe-sundial esifuna ukulakha. Lapha kufanele unikeze amandla amakhulu emcabangweni. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-sundial luzoba nomklamo ohlukile ngokuya ngokuthanda kwethu.

Izinhlobo zelanga

Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zesundial ezikhona. Lezi zinhlobo zizohluka ngokuya ngomumo we-quadrant yakho. Sinezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Ama-sundials we-Equatorial: yilezo ezine-quadrant ezibekwe endizeni efana ne-equator yasemhlabeni. Lapha sinokuthambekela kwesitayela okuchazwe kahle futhi kulula ukubeka le ndiza. Kumele sazi nje ukuthi banokuthambekela kwama-degree angama-90 kokuvundlile.
• Ingabe amawashi avundlile: yilawo amawashi anokudayela okubekwe ngokuya mpo kwendawo. Kulula ukwakha nokuhumusha ngoba okumakiwe kudlulela enyakatho kanti i-quadrant ngeke imakwe wonke amahora osuku.
• Ama-sundial aqondile: ziwuhlobo lwemodeli lapho isitayela siqondiswe ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ningizimu. Ukudayela kukhombisa amahora wosuku futhi ukudayela kumile mpo. Khumbula ukuthi singakwazi ukuqondisa i-quadrant ngasenyakatho noma eningizimu, empumalanga noma entshonalanga.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zelangaKukhona ezinye izinhlobo zama-sundials angajwayelekile kepha angasebenza ngendlela efanayo. Lapha sithola iwashi lomfundisi eliphathekayo, elime mpo nelincane. La mawashi athola leli gama kwazise lalisetshenziswa abelusi ukwazi isikhathi sosuku lapho babezothatha khona izinkomo ziyolusa. Olunye uhlobo lwesundial iwashi le-diptych. Leli washi ligqame ngokuba nama-quadrants amabili ahlukaniswe aba mpo nomunye aqondile. Lawa ma-quadrants amabili axhunyaniswe nge-eksisi. Kulokhu, sithola ukuthi isitayela yintambo eshiywe ekucabangeni lapho sibeka womabili ama-quadrants perpendicular. Imvamisa badinga ikhampasi ukuze bakwazi ukumaka kahle amahora.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-sundial nezici zayo.