Ukusakaza kweJet

Ekujikelezeni komoya komhlaba kuningi imisinga ehambisa amakhaza nokushisa bese ikusabalalisa kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Imisinga eminingi yondliwa ngokungafani ekushintsheni kwengcindezi, eminye iminyene emoyeni, eminye isuka ekukhuphukeni komphunga wamanzi olwandle, njll.

Namuhla siza ukukhuluma ngabadumile ukusakaza kwejet. Lokhu kungukugeleza komoya okujikeleza phezulu ngesivinini esikhulu futhi kuzungeze iplanethi, kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, kusizakala ngokungasebenzi okukhona phakathi kwamaseli adlulisayo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-jet kusebenza kanjani nokuthi imiphi imithelela i-jet stream enesimo sezulu?

Imifudlana yeJet

Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukusakazwa kwejet eyodwa, kepha kunemifudlana emikhulu yejet ezungeza iplanethi, emibili ezweni ngalinye.

Okokuqala sinomfudlana we-jet polar, otholakala ku-60 ° latitude, kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu yezwe, futhi obhekele amandla ajwayelekile womkhathi maphakathi nobude.

Siphinde sibe nomfudlana wejet ongaphansi komhlaba osazungeza u-30 ° futhi ungabalulekile kangako esimweni sezulu sezulu sendawo. Ngoba inethonya elincane esimweni sezulu, umfudlana we-jet polar awubizwa kangako futhi ubhekwa njengobalulekile nokulungisa isimo.

Le mifudlana icishe ifinyelele kumkhawulo we-troposphere, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10 ukuphakama phakathi kwezinga, lapho ingafinyelela khona isivinini esingajwayelekile esingaba ngu-250 km / h, ngisho nokuthola imimoya efinyelela ku-350 km / h. Ukonga uphethiloli nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba, izindiza eziningi ezentengiselwano zindiza kule misinga ukusizakala ngokukhuphuka ngejubane lomoya.

Amajethi anobubanzi obujwayelekile obungamakhilomitha angama-200 nobukhulu obuhamba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-5.000 7.000 kuya ku-XNUMX, yize imimoya ephezulu ifinyelelwa kuphela engxenyeni yabo emaphakathi, eyaziwa ngokuthi ingumgogodla wendiza. Indiza ethinta iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia iyona esezindaweni eziphakeme.

Kwatholakala nini lokhu kwamanje?

Le misinga yomoya yaqala ukufundwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba kanti izifundo zokuqala zenziwa umphakathi ekugcineni, ngoba ngesikhathi sempi, lolu cwaningo lwaluyimfihlo yezempi. AmaJapan angabokuqala ukuthola ukuthi umsinga omkhulu womoya wasakazeka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezaseningizimu ezazinesivinini esingajwayelekile futhi wasizakala ngokusungula amabhomu amabhaluni kwabaseMelika.

Ekuqaleni, i-United States yayingesabi ukuthi iJapane ingahlela ukuhlasela komoya okutholakala cishe amakhilomitha ayi-7.000 komunye nomunye futhi kwehlukaniswe ulwandle. Lelo banga lezindiza ezazikhona cishe lalingenakufinyeleleka. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala komfula i-jet kwavumela amaJapan ukuthi enze izindiza zokuhlola eziya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-US, baphinde basungula indlela ehlakaniphile yokuhlasela. Kusuka eJapane bebekhipha amabhaluni amakhulu amakhulu ephepha okulenga kuwo iziqhumane eziningi. Lapho amabhaluni ekwazile ukufika e-jet anqamula iPacific ngesikhathi sokurekhoda futhi ngosizo lwe-timer alahla umthwalo kulitshe lawo. Bakwazile ukuqhumisa iziqhumane ezingaphezu kuka-1000 kubangela imililo yasendle kuyo yonke intshonalanga ye-United States.

Izici zeJet Stream

Le jet polar yakhiwa khona ngqo ezindaweni lapho uquqaba olufudumele lomoya oluvela e-Equator luhlangana khona nemisinga ebandayo evela eNyakatho Pole. Le misinga izungeza uMhlaba futhi igudle iguma, kwakheka amagagasi abukeka efana nezikhukhula zomfula.

Kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka esikuso, indiza ayihlali njalo kububanzi obufanayoEsikhundleni salokho, kukhona ukuguquguquka kwesizini. Ngezinyanga zasehlobo nezentwasahlobo itholakala cishe kuma-50 ° North latitude kanti ebusika icishe ibe ngu-35-40 ° N. latitude Ebusika amandla e-jet makhulu kakhulu kunasehlobo futhi afinyelela isivinini esibi kakhulu. Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo umoya oshisayo wasezindaweni ezishisayo unamandla amakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ucindezela umfudlana wejet uye phambili ngasenyakatho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebusika, izindimbane zomoya ezibandayo ziyaqina ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukunweba kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi.

IPolar Jet ihambelana ebusweni nePolar Front kanye nokushaywa kwayo, okubizwa Amagagasi kaRossby, ziveze izingcindezi eziphezulu ngakwesokunene sokusakaza nezingcindezi eziphansi kwesobunxele, ezibonakala ngaphezulu njengama-anticyclone (ama-anticyclone asezindaweni eziseduze, i-anticyclone yama-Azores, enethonya elikhulu eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia) neziphepho (izivunguvungu zase-Atlantic zePolar Front), ngokulandelana.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yamanje inquma indlela yeziphepho zase-Atlantic ezihambisana nePolar Front. Umzila wokusakaza kwejet uncike ngokuphelele kusivinini sawo. Lapho ijubane liphakeme, umfudlana womoya ulandela indlela esuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga futhi ushaye kancane. Uma lolu hlobo lokujikeleza lwenzeka lubizwa i-zonal noma i-parallel.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ijubane lamanje lincipha, amagagasi ayakhuliswa futhi imikhombe ejulile yenziwa eningizimu nemikhumbi esenyakatho, evela ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephansi naphezulu phezulu. Lapho lolu hlobo lokujikeleza lwenzeka, lubizwa i-azonal noma i-meridian.

Ama-gutter kanye ne-dorsal

Imikhombe eyakhiwa ukusabalalisa kancane komfula i-polar jet stream kungena komoya obandayo oseningizimu yendlela ye-zonal yamanje. Le mikhombe inayo amandla we-cyclonic ngakho-ke avele ngaphezulu njengeziphepho.

Izinombolo ziphambene. Bavumela ukungena komoya oshisayo osenyakatho, i-anticyclonic ngokwemvelo, futhi ishiya iminonjana yamazinga okushisa aphezulu nesimo sezulu esihle. Lapho imikhombe kanye namagebe kuhlanganisiwe futhi kushintshaniswa banikela ukwehluka okukhulu kwesimo sezulu saphakathi nobubanzi.

Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zindimbane zomoya ezisuswe ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile zingasuka endizeni enkulu, zihlukaniswe nayo. Uma lowomoya osuselwe kuyo yonke i-jet uqhamuka emkhombeni, ubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okuhlukanisiwe emazingeni aphezulu noma ngokwengeziwe okubizwa ngokuthi i-drop abandayo.

I-Anticyclone yama-Azores

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Azores anticyclone inethonya elikhulu esimweni sezulu sethu eNhlonhlweni ye-Iberia. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani unyaka wonke ngayo.

Zivela ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni amakhulu eduze nenkabazwe. Ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa okukhulu kunendawo yokuhlangana okuhlangana nendawo etholakala ngokuba neziphepho. Cishe kule ndawo kunendawo enkulu yama-anticyclone akhiqiza, ngokwesibonelo, ugwadule lwaseSahara.

Enye yama-anticyclone yileyo yama-Azores. Lapho kufika ihlobo futhi nenani lezehlakalo zemisebe yelanga likhulu, i-anticyclone iyavuvukala. I-anticyclone isebenza njengesihlangu futhi ayivumeli izingqinamba ukuthi zifinyelele iningi laseSpain, ngakho-ke, ngeke zibe khona izimvula. Indawo okuyiyo kuphela engavikelekile kakhulu enyakatho, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ungene emiphakathini edabula phakathi kweYurophu. Ngalesi sizathu, ihlobo lethu libhalisa imvula encane kakhulu nezinsuku eziningi ezinelanga, futhi enyakatho kuphela lapho singathola khona imvula eningi kakhulu.

Ebusika, le anticyclone iba ncane futhi ihlehlele eningizimu. Lesi simo sizovumela ukungena kwemingcele evela e-Atlantic futhi kuphela okuzovikeleka kusuka eningizimu naseCanary Islands. Ngizohamba futhi indawo yamahhala emnyango wemimoya ebandayo evela enyakatho.

Ukuthi ezinye iziphethu noma ekwindla ziyinisa noma zingaphansi kuncike ekushayweni kwe-Azores anticyclone, engajwayele ukuhamba kahle, kepha igxumagxuma inyuka iye phansi. Lapho isikebhe sijika, sivumela ukuthi izingaphambili zingene eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, futhi lapho siphumela phezulu, sivimbela amabombo ukuba asondele enhlonhlweni yethu, asinike izinsuku ezibalele nezulu elihle.

Ukusakaza kweJet nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke

Kukhulunywa njalo ngemithombo yezindaba ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa imvamisa kanye namandla esomiso nezikhukhula. Noma kunjalo, kungani kungashiwo. Kuhlobene ne- izinguquko ezikhiqizayo ekusakazweni kwejet.

Eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule kuphela, isomiso esacekela phansi eCalifornia, amagagasi okushisa e-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, izikhukhula ezibulalayo ePakistan, zashuba lapho ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okwenziwe ngabantu kuphazamisa le misinga yomoya emikhulu.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma silungisa lawa maphethini nezinqubo zokuhamba ezixukwini zomoya ezifudumele nezibandayo sizoba kubangela amagagasi amaningi okushisa, isomiso kanye nomswakama owengeziwe emoyeni okuholela kwizikhukhula eziningi. Izinguquko ezincane kule misinga zingaletha imithelela kwesimo sezulu somhlaba jikelele, njengokuncipha komoya omningi. Kepha yini engadala ukuthi uquqaba olubandayo nolufudumele lomoya olujikeleza emfudlaneni wejet luyehlise? Kahle kahle umehluko omncane wokushisa phakathi komoya oshisayo nomoya osezindaweni ezibandayo. Lo mehluko omncane wenzeka ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngoba wonke umoya emhlabeni uyashisa.

Ngemuva kwezifundo eziningana, kuphothulwe ukuthi umuntu, ngemuva kwenguquko yezimboni, ubangele ukuncipha kwe- I-70% yejubane lokusakaza kwejet. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu njengesomiso nezikhukhula.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, isimo sezulu seplanethi sivumelaniswa nale misinga futhi siyindlela okufanele igcinwe izinzile uma sifuna ukuthi izimo zezulu ziqhubeke zenzeke kahle.