Ukungezwani nomswakama kuwuhlobo oluncane lokungezwani nemigudu yokuphefumula engenhla naphansi ebangelwa ukuhogela izinhlamvu zesikhunta ezisemoyeni futhi kudinga umswakama ophezulu ukuze uphile futhi uzalane. Bonke abantu bachayeka esikhunjeni, kodwa abanye abantu banokusabela okungafani kwamasosha abo omzimba, okubonakala njengezimpawu zokuphefumula. I ukungezwani nomswakama Yimbangela yezinkinga eziningi zokuphefumula, ezithinta kakhulu izingane kanye nasebekhulile. Ziyimbangela yesithathu evame kakhulu yesifo sokuphefumula esingezwani nomzimba futhi iningi labantu liyaliwa unyaka wonke.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungezwani nomswakama, ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele.
Ayini amakhowe?
Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngokushintshana ngesikhunta namakhowe, futhi sikholelwa ukuthi kunezigaba ezimbili: ezidliwayo nezinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, isikhunta siyizinto eziphilayo ezikhetheke kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene, kuyilapho amakhowe eyizithelo nje noma imizimba ethela izithelo yesikhunta esithile. Uma siqhathanisa nezitshalo, ukhunta yisihlahla kanti ukhunta yisithelo saso.
Isikhunta siyiqembu lezinto eziphilayo ezihlukene futhi ezihlukene okuhlukaniswa kwazo okuyinkimbinkimbi kulawulwa ucwaningo lwesayensi olubizwa ngokuthi i-mycology. Singakhomba uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezivamile kulezi ziphilayo:
- Amaseli abo anenucleus, lapho kutholakala khona ama-chromosome, okungukuthi, angama-eukaryote.
- Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo, njengeyeast, zinenucleus eyodwa, ngokuvamile ziyi-multinucleate.
- Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba, obizwa nangokuthi i-thallus, u-unicellular unama-nuclei amaningana; ngezinye izikhathi, ihlukaniswe ngamaseli amaningana (hyphae), ane-filamentous futhi abizwa ngokuthi i-mycelium.
- Amagciwane angase angabi nazindonga (angenalutho) noma enziwe nge-chitin noma nge-cellulose.
- Zizalana ngezinhlamvu (njenge-algae), ezinganyakaza noma zihambe, ezocansi noma ezingezona ezocansi. Usayizi wabo uphakathi kuka-2-3 µm no-500 µm, ngesilinganiso esingu-2-10 µm. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-spores akhiqizwa nge-microscopically, nakuba kwezinye lokhu akunjalo. Eqinisweni, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhunta asiyona into engaphezu kwamapulatifomu okuhlakaza izinhlamvu emvelweni.
- Ngokungafani nezitshalo, azinayo i-chlorophyll futhi zidla ngokumunca umsoco endaweni ezungezile.
- Zingaba ngu-500.000 XNUMX izinhlobo zesikhunta ezaziwayo, nakuba kungase kube phakathi kwesigidi esi-1 no-1,5 kubo.
- Iningi lesikhunta liyi-saprophytic futhi liphula izinto ezifile. Izinkulungwane zibangela izifo ze-parasitic nezitshalo, inqwaba yezinhlobo ezibangela ukutheleleka kwabantu (izifo zefungal), futhi ezimbalwa kuphela (mhlawumbe ezingaphansi kuka-50) ezibangela izifo ezibangelwa yi-allergic. Kuzo zonke izici ezichazwe, lezi zinambuzane okwamanje zibhekwa njengeziseduze nezilwane (izilwane) kunezitshalo (izitshalo), nakuba zihlukaniswa embusweni ohlukile obizwa ngokuthi isikhunta.
Izindawo lapho unokungezwani komzimba nomswakama
Ngaphandle kwendlu
- amaqabunga abolile (ihlathi, i-greenhouse, umquba)
- Amadlelo, utshani, utshani, utshani, okusanhlamvu nofulawa (ukugunda, ukugunda, ukuvuna nokusebenza ezinqolobaneni, ezitebeleni, ezigayweni, ezindaweni zokubhaka)
- Isivunguvungu sothuli
Ngaphakathi endlini
- Indlu yasehlobo, kuvalwe ingxenye enkulu yonyaka
- I-cellar emanzi noma i-cellar
- yokugezela engenawo umoya kahle
- Iphephadonga bese ufrize ezindongeni ezimanzi
- Amabala amanzi (amabala amnyama) odongeni
- Amawindi ozimele anokufingqa okubonakalayo
- Izinto zendwangu ezinomswakama
- ukudla okugciniwe
- Ama-humidifiers kanye namasistimu okushisa umoya
Isimo sezulu esinomswakama sithanda ukukhula kwesikhunta, kuyilapho libalele, isimo sezulu esinomoya sithanda ukusakazeka kwezinhlamvu; iqhwa linciphisa kakhulu zombili izici. Ezimweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama, isikhunta sikhona ngobuningi unyaka wonke. Ezifundeni ezipholile, izinhlamvu zesikhunta zifinyelela ekugxiliseni okuphezulu kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ukuhlushwa kwezinhlamvu emoyeni kuyahlukahluka kakhulu (200-1.000.000 / m3 yomoya); ingadlula inani lempova emkhathini phakathi kwezikhathi eziyi-100 neziyi-1000, kuye kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nezimo zokugeleza komoya.
Izibalo ze-spore ngokuvamile ziba ngaphansi ngaphakathi endlini kunangaphandle. Izinhlamvu zendlu zivela ekugxileni okungenzeka kokukhula kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Njengoba isikhunta siyakwazi ukubola, ukucekela phansi nokusebenzisa i-cellulose, isitashi nezinto eziphilayo, ukuba khona kwazo kuthanda ukukhula kwazo (izingobo, izitebele, izindawo zokugcina izithombo, izisele, izindawo zokugcina ukudla, njll.).
Ngaphakathi, lapho umswakama uyisici esiyinhloko sokukhula kwesikhunta, igama elithi ukungezwani nomswakama livame ukusetshenziswa. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, iziguli ezitholwe zine-allergies fungal kufanele zelulekwe ukuthi zigweme zonke izindawo ezivalekile lapho ungezwa khona iphunga elibi elijwayelekile.
Isikhunta esikhula kuma-humidifiers noma izihlungi ze-air conditioning system zingasakazeka kalula kuyo yonke indlu nesakhiwo, yingakho zibhekwa njengenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ze-sick building syndrome, nakuba kubizwa kangcono ngokuthi i-sick building syndrome igula.
Indlela yokubona ukungezwani nomswakama
Uma sihlala endaweni lapho kunqwabelana khona umswakama noma isikhunta, singaba nokungezwani komzimba kule ndawo. Ukuze uthole ukuthi ngabe lokhu kunjalo, ukubukela kungumsizi wakho omkhulu. Uma uba nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo njalo uma ungena ekamelweni elinomswakama ophezulu, ungase ube nokungezwani komzimba nesikhunta:
- Pukulunywa ikhala namehlo
- Ububomvu bamehlo kanye/noma ikhala
- Ukuxinana kweNasal
- Izinyembezi
- Ukuthimula kaningi nokuqhubekayo kwezinye izimo
Ngenxa yokuthi ukungezwani nomswakama akulula ukukugwema ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba ngeke sibe sendaweni esingakwazi ukuyilawula ngaso sonke isikhathi, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa futhi uthole ukwelashwa okunconyiwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma sivakashela izindawo noma izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ekhaya ukukusiza ukuthi ugweme ngempumelelo ukungezwani nomswakama:
- Faka okokwehlisa umswakama ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ekhaya lakhoLokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ulawule umswakama endaweni okuyo.
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina izindawo ezithandwa umswakama, njengezindlu zangasese noma indawo engaphansi yendlu yakho, zinomoya omuhle.
- Yenza ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-air conditioning nokushisa ekhaya lakho, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanzwa kwezihlungi ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwezinhlayiya ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.
- Kungcono ukugwema ukutshala izitshalo endlini. Uma unazo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela isikhunta ukuthi singakheki emaqabunga neziqu zazo, ngoba zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokungezwani nomswakama kanye nezici zayo.