I-UN ixwayisa ngokuthi amazinga okungcoliswa komhlaba wonke asevele efinyelele emazingeni angenakusimama. Ochwepheshe bathi babeka impilo yomuntu engozini enkulu. Lokhu futhi kunemiphumela, futhi kungatholakala nangezinye izindlela, kokubili emoyeni nasezilwandle, emhlabeni, ekudleni, futhi cishe kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli eyashicilelwa yiWorld Health Organization ngonyaka odlule ikhomba ukuthi kanjani Amaphesenti angama-92 ezakhamizi zomhlaba ahlala ezindaweni lapho, amazinga okungcola, yeqa amazinga aphezulu avunyelwe.
"Njengobuntu, sonakalisa iplanethi ngendlela engamukeleki neze". Lawa ngamazwi ka-Ibrahim Thiaw, iSekela Lomqondisi we-UN Wezemvelo. Ubuye waveza nokuthi abampofu yibona abasengozini enkulu kule miphumela, nokuthi lokhu futhi kuyingcebo yabo enkulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, waveza ukuthi akuyona indaba kahulumeni kuphela, kepha lapha okushiwo yilowo wonke umuntu, izinhlangano, imikhakha ezimele nomuntu ngamunye.
Izinyathelo nezibonelo eziphakanyiswe nguThiaw
Esinye sazo izilwandle. Kwakungenye yezinkinga okwakhulunywa ngazo engqungqutheleni ye-UN ngoJuni odlule. Lokhu kwagcina ngokuzibophezela komphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukongamela nokuphatha ngokuqhubekayo wonke amanzi asolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zakamuva, bafunda umthelela wokufakwa kwepulasitiki yi-plankton ezilwandle nokuthi kuthinta kanjani lonke uchungechunge lwethropikhi. Eminyakeni emibili nengxenye edlule, ukufakwa kwama-microparticles epulasitiki kwaqoshwa okokuqala ngqa, ingxenye eyingozi kakhulu futhi okunzima kakhulu ukuyisusa.
UThiaw wakuthatha njengomgomo obalulekile ukuthi abantu bayeke ukulahla udoti olwandle nasolwandle. Ukuthi futhi iqala ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokweqile, kokubili ukudoba kanye nezimbiwa phansi. Kukhona okulindelekile okuzothathwa okuzovezwa eMhlanganweni Wesithathu Wezemvelo yi-United Nations ozoba ngoDisemba 4-6 eNairobi, inhlokodolobha yaseKenya.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokungcola Komoya Ekukhulelweni
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuthinta ngqo ukukhulelwa, Yile ndlela isifundo se-Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal) sikhombisa ngayo. Ukungcola okukhiqizwa yizimoto kuthinta ngokulingana nokuthi amadolobha aminyene kangakanani maqondana nawo. Ukuvezwa kwemvelo ku-nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi emva kwalokhu eminyakeni yokuqala, inezigameko eziphakeme emandleni okunakwa kwezingane ezinciphisa.
Kukhona nobudlelwano phakathi kokungcola namakhono okuqonda. Ukungcola okungaphezulu, kwehla ukusebenza kwengqondo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Izingane ze-1.300 ezivela eValencia, Sabadell, Asturias naseGuipúzcoa zibambe iqhaza esifundweni. Kuzo zonke, amazinga we-NO2 ahlolwe kusuka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuya eminyakeni eyi-4-5, ngokuqhubekayo nangokulandelwa. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe kwakuwukuhlolwa kwe-Kiddie-Coners.
Ukungcola Komoya Kuthinta Kanjani AmaHormone Okucindezela
Ukungcola, ngaphezu kokusebenza, kuxhumene nengcindezi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngodokotela baseFudan University, eShanghai, eChina. Ukucindezeleka, ngaphezu kwemiphumela yengqondo, kunemiphumela efana nokukhathazeka, engenzeka emzimbeni. Kuyinto eyingozi kakhulu, futhi ezimeni zokuxineka okungapheli, umonakalo uvame ukuba mkhulu. Ngokocwaningo baphinde bathola ukuthi kuthinta ushukela osegazini nomfutho wegazi.
IShanghai
Ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuphefumula umoya ongcolile kukhulisa ama-hormone okucindezeleka, abacwaningi bafunde udaba lwezinhlayiyana (PM 2.5). Izinhlayiya ezincane ezitholakala emoyeni ngenxa yokungcola, nalokho Zikala ngaphansi kuka-2mm, zilula kakhulu ukuphefumula.
Bakhethe phakathi kwabafundi abavela eShanghai nakwamanye amadolobha angcolile kakhulu, bonke bephilile. Babekwa emakamelweni, futhi bonke banezihlungi zomoya. Kepha ngomehluko, ezinye izihlungi zisebenzile ezinye azisebenzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 zashintsha, lapho izihlungi ezinhle zazikhona, zafaka ezimbi, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kuyo yonke le nqubo, balinganisa ukwakheka kwama-molecule ahlukahlukene akhona kumchamo nasegazini.
Isiphetho esitholwe ocwaningweni ukuthi lapho sizithola sinomoya ongcolile sithola ama-hormone amaningi okucindezeleka, njenge-cortisol, i-cortisone, i-epinephrine, ne-norapinephrine. Ngokufanayo, ukwandisa amazinga kashukela, ama-amino acid, ama-fatty acid kanye nama-lipids akhona egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho wegazi wanda ngokungcoliswa.
Konke lokhu kwaholela ekutheni abacwaningi baqinisekise ukuthi konke lokhu kuqongelela kuholela ezifweni, ezinjengesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela, esikhathini eside esizayo.