Umcwaningi owaziwa ngegama likaHans Christian Oersted wabona ngo-1819 ukuthi inaliti kazibuthe ingaphambukiswa kanjani ngamandla ombane. Inaliti kazibuthe yayiyinhlanganisela kazibuthe omise inaliti. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwakwaziwa njenge Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oersted futhi waveza ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kukagesi kanye nozibuthe. Kuze kube manje bekuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene kanjalo namandla adonsela phansi nogesi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi isivivinyo se-Oersted siqukethe ini nokuthi yiziphi izici nokuboniswa kwaso.
Umsuka wesivivinyo se-Oersted
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bamanje babungekho ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ucwaningo nezitatimende ngendlela yesayensi. Ukuhlolwa kuka-Oersted kuveza ukuthi kunokuxhumana phakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe. Imithetho echaza ngokwezibalo ukuhlangana kukazibuthe nogesi yathuthukiswa ngu-André Marie Ampère owayephethe ukutadisha amandla ayekhona phakathi kwezintambo ezazisakazwa yimisinga kagesi.
Konke kuqhamuke ngenxa yesifaniso esikhona phakathi kukazibuthe nogesi. Yilesi sifaniso esidale ukuthi kuseshwe ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi kwabo futhi obungachaza izici ezifanayo. Imizamo yokuqala yokuphenya ngobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezindleko zikagesi zikazibuthe ayizange inikeze imiphumela eminingi. Abakwenzile bakhombisa ukuthi ngokubeka izinto ezazikhokhiswa ngogesi eduze kwamazibuthe, kwenziwa ibutho elilodwa phakathi kwabo. Lo mbuso ungowokuheha umhlaba wonke njengalowo okhona phakathi kwanoma iyiphi into ekhokhiswe ugesi nento engathathi hlangothi. Kulokhu, into uzibuthe.
Uzibuthe nento efakwe ngogesi iyaheha kepha ayikwazi ukuqondiswa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwawo. Uma kunjalo, uma bezokuqondisa. U-Oersted uqale wenza ucwaningo olukhombise usizo lobudlelwano phakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe. Kakade unyaka U-1813 wayebikezele ukuthi kungaba nobudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bobabili kodwa kwaba ngonyaka we-1820 lapho ekuqinisekisa.
Kwenzeka lokhu ngenkathi elungiselela ikilasi lakhe le-physics e-University of Copenhagen. Kulesi sigaba, wakwazi ukubona ukuthi uma ehambisa ikhampasi eduze kocingo oluthwala amandla kagesi, inaliti yekhampasi ibijwayele ukuzijwayeza ukuqondana nocingo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umehluko oyisisekelo okhona wokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted neminye imizamo yangaphambilini ubunikeze imiphumela emibi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kweluphu kanye nezindleko zamanje ezisebenzisana nozibuthe ziyaqhubeka. Cabanga ngaleli qiniso, umphumela wesivivinyo se-Oersted ungaziwa njengoba kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi wonke amandla kagesi akwazi ukwenza amandla kazibuthe. U-Ampere wayengusosayensi owayesebenzisa umqondo wobudlelwano phakathi kukazamcolo nomazibuthe ukuze alindele incazelo yakho konke lokhu. Ngenxa yesinqumo sakhe, wakwazi ukusungula incazelo eyanikeza isisombululo ekuziphatheni kukazibuthe wemvelo futhi wakwazi ukwenza konke okwenziwayo kube semthethweni ngokwemigomo yezibalo.
Iminikelo yokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted
Ukutholwa kokuthi wonke amandla kagesi akwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe kungavula izindlela eziningi zocwaningo ngomazibuthe nobudlelwano bawo nogesi. Phakathi kwayo yonke le migwaqo evulekile kwakukhona intuthuko ethe xaxa esathuthukisa yona yathola amaphuzu alandelayo:
- I- ukuzimisela okulinganayo kwamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaza kagesi. Leli phuzu liphendulwe ngenxa yesidingo sokukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe wokuqina nokuhlelwa kwemigqa yabo ebilawulekayo. Ngale ndlela, kuye kwenzeka ukusingatha izinzuzo zamagnet zemvelo futhi kwenzeke ukudala amanye odonsa bokufakelwa ngokusebenza kahle.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akhona phakathi kwemisinga kagesi nozibuthe. Ngenxa yolwazi lwalesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa kwama-motors kagesi, izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuqina kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje nezinye. Isibonelo, ibhalansi kagesi isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi namuhla. Ibhalansi kagesi yakhiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla akhona phakathi kwemisinga kagesi nozibuthe.
- Incazelo yemagnetism yemvelo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi kusekelwe ulwazi oluqoqwe ngalesi sikhathi esakhiweni sangaphakathi sendaba. Iqiniso lokuthi noma yimuphi wamanje uyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe aseduze nakho kuye kwagqanyiswa. Ukusuka lapha zonke izindlela zokuziphatha zaziwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukusizakala.
- Umphumela wokuphindaphinda ongakhonjiswa esivivinyweni sika-Oersted usebenzele i- ukuthola izimboni kwamandla kagesi nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngobuningi babantu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kusekelwe ekutholeni amandla kagesi avela kumandla kazibuthe.
Imicabango yokugcina
Sizokwenza ukucabanga okuncane ngokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted nokuthi yini ukunikela kwayo emhlabeni wesayensi. Siyazi ukuthi lolu cingo lwakhiwe ngamacala amahle nalawo angekho emthethweni. Yomibili le misebenzi ilinganisiwe komunye nomunye ukuze umthwalo ophelele uyiphuzu elingu-zero sibona ngeso lengqondo ikhebula elenziwe imigqa emibili emide efanayo. Uma sihambisa ikhebula lilonke, futhi yomibili emigqeni kusengaphambili, akukho okwenzekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukudlula kwamandla kagesi kutholakala, ukuqhubekela phambili komugqa kanye nensimu kukhiqizwa okuphambukisa inaliti kazibuthe.
Kulokhu sithola isibonakaliso sokuthi okuveza insimu akukhona ukuhamba kwamacala, kepha ukunyakaza okuhlobene kwamacala amacala ophawu oluthile ngokuya kolunye. Incazelo yokuthi kungani inaliti ihamba ukuthi i-current of the magnetic field production cable imigqa yayo ingena kolunye uhlangothi bese iphumela kolunye. Yile ndlela inaliti ehamba ngayo ilandela amandla kazibuthe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted neminikelo yako emhlabeni wesayensi.