Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenye yezinqubo ze-thermodynamic ezivame ukwenzeka emvelweni. Imayelana ne- ukuhlanekezela Sublimation. Kwenzeka lapho ushintsho lwesimo esibuhlungu sivela kusuka kugesi kuya kokuqinile ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kuqala isigaba salo soketshezi. Inamanye amagama anjenge-regression sublimation noma i-deposition.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukubuyisela emuva okuphansi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kuyinqubo ekhathazayo ngoba izinhlayiya ezinegesi kufanele zilahlekelwe amandla ngendlela yokushisa bese ziyinika imvelo. Ngale ndlela, kutholakala ukuthi umkhiqizo wale mpendulo unamandla amancane kunalawo aphendulayo. Ngendlela yokuthi ipholile ngokwanele ukuze ezingakha amakristalu, ziqine noma zibambe ngaphezulu. Le nqubo yokubuyisela emuva ingabonakala lapho kunendawo ebandayo ngokwanele ukuze amakristalu abekwe kuyo ngqo.
Uma sikhuluma ngokufakwa kwemali, asibhekiseli eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlayiya zifakwa esigabeni segesi ngaphandle kokumanzisa ngaphezulu. Imvamisa sithola izimo eziguquguqukayo ze-sublimation ezintweni ezineqhwa njengeqhwa elifakwa emaqabungeni ebusika. Singakubona lokhu kufakwa ngoba kwakhiwa ungqimba oluncane lwamakristalu, noma futhi kungaba uthuli noma ubumba obonakalayo.
Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwale nqubo Izinto ezintsha ezinhlobonhlobo zingatholwa lapho ungqimba ngalunye lunokuqina okuthile okufakwa izinqubo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Indima yokuhlehlisa okuphansi
Kuyinto, njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-sublimation. Akuqali ukusuka ekuhwamukeni okuqinile, kodwa kusuka kumoya oqinisa noma oqandisa. Kungamangaza impela ukucabanga ukuthi igesi ingapholiswa ngezinga lokuthi kungadingeki nokuthi idlule kuyo ibe uketshezi kwasekuqaleni.
Ake sibone ukuthi yini indima ebusweni has a sublimation reverse. Lapho igesi ikhubazeke kakhulu futhi isakazeka, iqala ukuhlela kabusha imininingwane yayo futhi izenze iqine lapho amazinga okushisa ehla. Lokhu kuhlelwa kabusha kunzima ukwenza ngokomzimba. Futhi ukuthi idinga uhlobo lokuxhaswa olukwaziyo ukuthola izinhlayiya zegesi ukuze zikwazi ukugxila. Lapho izinhlayiya seziminyene, zingakwazi ukuhlangana zishintshisane ngokushisa nendawo ebandayo.
Le yindlela abaphelelwa ngayo amandla ngenxa yendawo esebenza njengomuntu oshisa ukushisa. Njengoba izinhlayiya zishintshanisa ukushisa nendawo ebandayo, ziyancipha futhi kwakheka izakhi zokuqala zekristallini. Lezi zinhlayiya zisebenza ukuze kufakwe amanye amaqembu ezinhlayiya kanye nalo lonke ugesi ozungezile. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, i-reverse sublimation ingaqala ukwakheka. Umphumela wale nqubo ukuthi ungqimba lwe-crystal oluqinile lwakha ngaphezulu.
Imibandela yokuthi i-reverse sublimation yenzeke
Ukuze le nqubo yenzeke, okokuqala kumele kube nemibandela eminingana. Esokuqala ukuthi indawo yokuxhumana nezinhlayiya kumele ibe nokushisa ngaphansi kwephoyinti lokuqandisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igesi kufanele lifakwe supooooo ngendlela yokuthi ngokushesha nje lapho lithinta ingaphezulu, konke ukuzinza kwalo kungaphazamiseka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingaphezulu lipholile ngokwanele, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme legesi lingadluliselwa ngokushesha okukhulu ukwenza zonke izinhlayiya zivumelane nokwakheka ngaphezulu. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubuyisa okuphansi lapho indawo yokuxhumana ingadingi ngisho nokubanda ukuze kwenzeke okuthile. Emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, kwenziwa umsebenzi omningi ngale nqubo futhi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-chemical vapor deposition ngomlilo.
Izibonelo
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izibonelo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwenqubo. Lapho sikhipha ubhiya esiqandisini, ingilazi ifakwe umbala omhlophe. Futhi ukuthi ibhodlela linikeza indawo eyanele yokuthi ama-molecule omphunga wamanzi ahlangane futhi alahlekelwe yiwo wonke amandla ngokushesha. Uma ingilazi emboza ubhiya imnyama, umbala omhlophe uzobonakala kakhulu. Singadabula ngomunwe ukuze sibone ukuthi umusi usuqine.
Kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo ngendlela yokuthi ubhiya umbozwe yiqhwa elimhlophe. Umphumela uhlala isikhashana ngoba njengoba imizuzu idlula iyajiya bese iba manzi esandleni.
Esinye isibonelo yiqhwa. Njengoba kwenzeka ezindongeni zebhodlela likabhiya, isithwathwa esifakwa ezindongeni zangaphakathi kwezinye iziqandisi naso sinenqubo. Lezi zingqimba zamakristalu e-ice zingabonakala nakuma-tuna asezingeni eliphansi. Kuyimakhaza angawi esibhakabhakeni njengeqhwa. Umoya umane ubande kakhulu lapho uthi uma ufika ebusweni bezitshalo ubambe iqhwa ngqo. Basuka esimweni segesi baye esimweni esiqinile.
Ukubekwa ngokomzimba nangokwamakhemikhali
Kuze kube manje sikhulume ngamanzi kuphela. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka futhi ngezinye izinto noma izinhlanganisela. Ake sithi sinekamelo lapho kunezinhlayiya zegolide eziyigasi. Lapha singangenisa into ebandayo nephikisayo futhi izingqimba zegolide zizofakwa kule nto. Okufanayo kuzokwenzeka nezinye izinsimbi noma izinhlanganisela inqobo nje uma ukwanda kwengcindezi kungadingeki ukudala i-vacuum.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokufakwa kwamakhemikhali. Uma kukhona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwegesi nengaphezulu, kungukubekwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukumboza i-polymeri embonini. Ngenxa yokufakwa kwamakhemikhali, kuphathwa izindawo ezifana nedayimane, i-tungsten, i-nitrides, i-carbides, i-silicon, i-graphene, njll.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukubuyisela emuva i-sublimation kuyinqubo yemvelo abantu abazuza ngayo ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene embonini. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-sublimation ebuyela emuva nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani.