IMars izwe elibandayo namuhla. Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke umlando ibinezikhathi zokushisa okungcono lapho imifula nezilwandle zigeleza khona, ezinezinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilikile, futhi mhlawumbe bekukhona nokuphila okuchichimayo.
Kodwa-ke, namuhla, iMars inendawo eyomile lapho inani lamanzi asemkhathini walo livame ukuhlangana nesithwathwa, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesigxobo saso esisenyakatho. Kuleyo ndawo yakha izingqimba zeqhwa ezingapheli. Kwenzekani ngesimo sezulu seMars?
Ubuso nomoya we-Mars
Yize kubonakala kungakaze kube khona ngaphambili, yize i-CO2 igcina ukushisa, esifundeni sesigxobo esiseningizimu yeplanethi iMars, Izindawo eziningi zokuhlala zeqhwa ze-CO2. Ubuso bale planethi abuzikhombisi izimpawu zamanzi, ngaphandle kwezinye izindawo ezinamakhaza noma ngohlobo lwezigodi ezivulwe izikhukhula ezindala.
Umkhathi weMars uyabanda, womile futhi awutholakali kalula. Leli veli elincanyana, elenziwe ikakhulukazi nge-CO2, lidala ingcindezi ebusweni ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-1% walokho okubhaliswe eMhlabeni olwandle. I-orbit ye-Mars ingaphezulu ngama-50% ukusuka eLangeni kuneplanethi yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya owuzungezile muhle kakhulu, okufaka isandla kulesi simo sezulu esineqhwa. Amazinga okushisa amaphakathi angama-60 degrees, afinyelela emazingeni okushisa angama -123 degrees ezigxotsheni.
Ngokuphambene nalokho venus iplanethi . Ilanga lasemini liyakwazi ukushisa indawo ngokwanele ukuthi likwazi ukukhiqiza ukuncibilika ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa umfutho ophansi womkhathi wenza ukuba amanzi ahwamuke cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Yize umkhathi uqukethe inani elincane lamanzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi kukhiqizwa amafu amanzi neqhwa, isimo sezulu saseMartian sibonakala ngeziphepho zesihlabathi noma izigaxa zesikhutha. Njalo ebusika, kuhlasela esinye sezigxobo isiphepho semvula esineqhwa esihlasela esinye sezigxobo, kuthi lapho i-icy carbon dioxide iqhuma emhosheni ongaphesheya, amamitha amaningana alelo qhwa leqhwa elomile ayanqwabelana. Kepha noma esigxotsheni lapho kusehlobo futhi ilanga likhanya usuku lonke, amazinga okushisa akhuphuka aze ancibilikise lawo manzi aneqhwa.
Isikhathi esedlule seMars
Imigodi eminingi eseMars iguguleke kakhulu. Cishe yonke imgodi emincane kunayo yonke oyibonayo izakhiwo ezifana nokugeleza kodaka. Lezi zingqimba ezinodaka kungenzeka ukuthi ziyizinsalela ezibandayo zezinhlekelele zasendulo, ukushayisana kwama-asteroid noma izinkanyezi ezinomsila ebusweni beMars, okwancibilikisa izindawo zeqhwa elifriziwe futhi kwaqoshwa izimbobo ezinkulu ezijule ngaphansi komhlaba ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezinamanzi angamanzi.
Kutholakale ubufakazi bokuthi ngesinye isikhathi iqhwa lakheka ngaphezulu okwakha imvelo evame ukuba nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imigqa enamadwala eyenziwe ngeziduli ezisele emaphethelweni abo ngokuncibilikisa izinguzunga zeqhwa, kanye nemicu yesihlabathi namatshe abekwe ngaphansi kwezinguzunga zeqhwa yimifula ehamba ngaphansi kohide.
Kungenzeka ukuthi umjikelezo wamanzi ku-Mars ube nezakhi eziwombeni ezimanzi. Isimo esiminyene cishe singaqukatha inani elikhulu lamanzi elihwamuka emachibini nasolwandle. Umhwamuko wamanzi wawuhlangana wenze amafu futhi ekugcineni uwele emvuleni. Amanzi awayo angadala ukugeleza futhi iningi lawo laliyongena ngaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuwa kweqhwa bekuyobe kuqoqene kwakha izinguzunga zeqhwa, futhi lokhu bekuyokhipha amanzi awo ancibilikile abe amachibi eqhwa.
Ezinye zezithombe ezithathwe kwiMars ziveza ubukhona beziteshi ezinkulu zamanzi ezidonswe ebusweni. Ezinye zalezi zakhiwo zingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-200 ububanzi futhi zinwebeka ngamakhilomitha angama-2000 XNUMX noma ngaphezulu. Ijometri yalezi ziteshi zokuhambisa amanzi ikhombisa ukuthi amanzi abenganqamula ngaphezulu komhlaba angaphansi cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-270 ngehora.
Ulwandle olulahlekile?
Kwezinye izindawo eziphakeme zeMars kunezinhlelo ezibanzi zezigodi ezidonsela ezindaweni eziphansi komhlaba, izindawo eziphansi ezazike zagcwala amanzi. Kepha lawa amachibi kwakungeyona inqwaba yamanzi amaningi emhlabeni. Ezikhukhuleni eziphindaphindayo, imigudu yokuhambisa amanzi iphume iye ngasenyakatho futhi yakha kanjalo uchungechunge lwamachibi nezilwandle ezidlulayo. Njengoba kungahunyushwa ezithombeni, izinto eziningi ezibonakala zizungeze lezi zingqimba ezindala zomthelela zikhomba izindawo lapho izinguzunga zeqhwa zangena khona kulezo zingxenye ezijulile zamanzi.
Ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, olunye lolwandle olukhulu enyakatho yeMars belungagudluza umthamo olingana nowase- IGulf of Mexico kanye noLwandle iMedithera ndawonye. Kukhona ngisho nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bekukhona ulwandle eMars. Ubufakazi balokhu bususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi izici eziningi zamathafa asenyakatho zazikhumbuza ukuguguleka kweziqhingi zasogwini. Lolu lwandle olucatshangelwayo lwalubizwa ngokuthi iBorealis Ocean. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lingaba likhulu cishe kane kuneLwandlekazi lwase-Arctic futhi kwaphakanyiswa imodeli yomjikelezo wamanzi eMars engachaza ukudalwa kwayo.
Namuhla, iningi lochwepheshe besayensi yamaplanethi bayakwamukela ukuthi imizimba emikhulu yamanzi ephindaphindeka yakhiwa emathafeni asenyakatho neMars, kodwa abaningi bayakuphika ukuthi kwake kwaba nolwandle lweqiniso.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ku-Mars osemncane, kungenzeka ukuguguleka ngamandla komhlaba, kushelele ubuso. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ekhula eba seminyakeni yobudala obuphakathi, ubuso bakhe babanda, boma futhi baba nezibazi. Kusukela lapho kuzoba nezikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ezipholile ezivuselela ubuso bayo ezindaweni ezithile.
Kodwa-ke, indlela eshintshana phakathi kwemibuso emincane nenzima eMars isalokhu iyimfihlakalo. Okwamanje, kungenzeka kuphela ukuthola izincazelo ezincanyana zokuthi lezi zinguquko zesimo sezulu zenzeke kanjani.
Enye yemibono yezinguquko zesimo sezulu kwi-Mars isuselwa ekuthambekeni kwe-axis yokujikeleza isuka endaweni yayo efanelekile, ngokuya ngendiza e-orbital. Njengomhlaba, IMars manje itshekiswe cishe ngama-degree angama-24. Lokhu kuthambekela kuyehluka njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthambekela nakho kushintsha kakhulu. Njalo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10 noma kunjalo, ukwehluka kwe-axis enyakazayo kuhlanganisa kufinyelela kuma-degree angama-60. Ngokunjalo, ukuma kwe-axis enyakazayo nokumila kwe-orbit ye-Mars kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokusho komjikelezo.
Lezi zindlela zesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi ukuthambekela kwe-axis yokujikeleza ukutsheka ngokweqile, kubangela amazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphakeme lonyaka. Noma ngabe kunomoya onqabile njengalowo ohlanganisa iplanethi namuhla, amazinga okushisa ehlobo phakathi nendawo nasezindongeni eziphakeme abengadlula aqine okokuqandisa amasonto ngezikhathi zesilayidi esiphezulu, kanti ubusika bebezoba nzima kakhulu kunanamuhla.
Nokho, ngokufudumala okwanele kolunye lwezigxobo ehlobo, umkhathi kumelwe ukuba washintsha kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphuma kwegesi eqhweni elishisa kakhulu, kusuka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba we-carbonic noma i-permafrost ecebile nge-carbon dioxide, kwaqinisa umoya okwanele ukudala isimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo kungaba namanzi ngaphezulu. Ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali okunamanzi nakho bekuzokwakhiwa kulezo zikhathi zosawoti ezifudumele nosawoti we-carbonate; le nqubo izosusa kancane kancane isikhutha emkhathini bese inciphisa umphumela wokushisa. Ukubuyela emazingeni aphansi okuzibophezela kungapholisa iplanethi futhi kunciphise iqhwa leqhwa elomile, kuqhubeke kunciphise umkhathi futhi kubuyisele iMars esimweni sayo esijwayelekile esineqhwa.