Uma sikhuluma ngomjikelezo wamanzi kufanele sihlukanise imicimbi eminingana okuyiyona ekhomba ukuhamba kwamanzi. Omunye wale micimbi yi ukugeleza. Kuyaziwa ngegama lokugeleza komhlaba futhi kungumqondo ochaza ukuhamba kwamanzi, imvula, iqhwa noma olunye uketshezi phansi. Le ngxenye yakha ucezu lokhiye emjikelezweni wamanzi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukugijima komhlaba, kubaluleke kangakanani nokuthi kukhiqizwa kuphi.
Kuyini ukugijima komhlaba
Uma sikhuluma ngokugeleza komhlaba, sikhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi kwenzeka ngaphezulu nokuthi kwenzeka ngaphambi kokufinyelela umzila onjengomfula noma ichibi. Kulokhu kugeleza kwamanzi sithola amanzi amaningi avela emvuleni njenganoma iluphi olunye uketshezi oluphuma emithanjeni engcolisayo. Uma ukhuluma ngokugeleza komphezulu, uma kwenzeka ngaphambi kokufinyelela esiteshini, kubizwa ngokuthi ngumthombo ongeyona iphuzu. Uma lo mthombo ongelona iphuzu unezinto ezingcolisayo zokwenziwa waziwa njengokungcola komthombo ongelona iphuzu.
Yonke indawo enesibopho sokukhiqiza idreyini yalokhu kugeleza kwamanzi ibe ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi isisekelo senani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi yaziwa njengendawo yokugeleza kwamanzi. Siyazi ukuthi ukukhishwa okuningi okwenziwe ngabantu kukhiqizwa kokubili kusuka kumanyolo wamakhemikhali nakwezinye izinto ezikhishwa ezimbonini kuya emanzini angaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlaziywe ukuthi ingabe ukugeleza okugeleza kugudle umhlaba kungakwazi ukuqoqa ukungcola okutholakala enhlabathini. Lezi zingcolisa zingakwazi kube uwoyela, izibulala-zinambuzane, ukubulala ukhula, izinambuzane kanye nomanyolo, phakathi kokunye.
Umsuka nesizukulwane sokugeleza
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, umsuka wamanzi angadalwa imvula noma ngokuncibilika kweqhwa, namuhla iqhwa eqhweni. Lapho ukuncibilika kweqhwa leqhwa kwenzeka, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuncibilika, kuvame ukwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezibandayo impela. Lokhu kwehla kweqhwa imvamisa ifinyelela isiqongo ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka. Izinguzunga zeqhwa zincibilika ngokuphelele ehlobo futhi zikhiqiza ukugeleza okuphezulu kakhulu futhi ukugeleza kwemifula kuyabathinta. Wonke la manzi agcina ngokwandisa ukuhamba kwemifula nokuguguleka komhlaba. Isici esinqumayo esilinganisweni sokuncibilika kweqhwa noma izinguzunga zeqhwa ukushisa komoya nobude besigameko semisebe yelanga.
Sikhuluma ngezigodi ku-V lapho ziyizigodi zeqhwa ezinikezwe lokho inani elikhulu lokugeleza liqoqwa emfuleni ngesikhathi esifushane. Kuphela ngesikhathi sencibilika lapho sathola khona ukugeleza emfuleni okunamandla anele okonakalisa nokuguqula umhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho sikhuluma ngesigodi esimise okwe-U, sikhuluma ngesigodi esivamile. Lokhu kwakhiwa kungenxa yokuthi ukugeleza kokugeleza komfula kuhlala njalo unyaka wonke. Kulezi zimo sinezikhathi zokugeleza kwamanzi okuncane ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Izifunda eziphakeme zezintaba zinemifudlana ekhuphuka ngezinsuku ezibalele futhi yehle ngezinsuku ezinamafu ngenxa yemisebe yelanga engaphansi. Ezindaweni lapho kungekho iqhwa khona ukugeleza kwamanzi kuqhamuka emvuleni. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi akuyona yonke imvula edala ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ukugeleza kwemvula kwenziwa lapho inhlabathi ingakwazi ukugcina inani elikhulu lamanzi ngenxa yezimvula ezinkulu.
Isibonelo, kunenhlabathi endala kakhulu e-Australia naseningizimu ye-Afrika lapho kunezimpande ze-proteoid. Lezi zimpande ziminyene futhi zinezinwele eziningi kangangokuba ziyakwazi ukumunca amanzi amaningi emvula. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuba namanzi agijimayo njengoba bekwazi ukumunca imvula eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube khona amandla aphansi okuhwamuka ukuze amanzi agijimele phansi ahlale isikhathi eside.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi ase-Overland ngokungena ngokweqile
Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ekubalekeni komhlaba yinqubo yokungena. Kuyinqubo lapho amanzi engena khona engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba. Lapha amanzi agcinwa emanzini akhonzayo futhi asebenza njengomthombo wamanzi. Cishe noma yimuphi umcengezi kukhona izitolo zamanzi ezincane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kungena kwenzeka kaningi ezifundeni ezomile nezomile lapho ubukhulu be imvula iphezulu nezinga lokungena liphansi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwamanzi ebusweni.
Kukhona nenani elikhulu lokugeleza komhlaba kanye nezinga eliphansi lokungena emhlabathini ogandayiwe. Esinye isici ukugeleza kwezwe eligcwele ngokweqile. Lesi yisimo esenzeka ukuze kube nokugeleza okukhulu komhlaba. Kulokhu, inhlabathi igcwele emanzini futhi umcengezi ugcinwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulezi zimo, ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphezulu kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yemvula enkulu. Izinga lomswakama emhlabathini nalo liyisici esithinta ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umhlaba ugcwale. Lapho umhlabathi unomswakama omningi, uzogcwala ngamanzi ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungagcina amanzi amancane bese ugcina udala ukuqhuma kwamanzi ngaphezulu.
Umthelela womuntu ekuphumeni komhlaba
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu banethonya elikhulu enanini lemifula ekhona. Futhi ukuthi sihlala sakha izindawo ezingangeni manzi njengamapharavishini nezakhiwo. Lokhu kungavinjelwa kwamanzi kusho ukuthi amanzi awakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi e-aquifer. Esikhundleni samanzi angena emhlabathini, amanzi aphoqeleka ngqo emifudlaneni noma e-drainage lapho kukhona ukuguguleka okukhulu nokudilika komhlaba. Lezi zimo yizo ezidala izikhukhula edolobheni.
Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okuphezulu kunciphisa ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba bese kwehlisa itafula lamanzi. Lezi yizimo ukuthi zandisa isomiso ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezolimo nabo bonke labo bantu abathembele emithonjeni yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi simo kufanele kungezwe ubukhona bezingcolisi ze-anthropogenic ezincibilikayo ekubalekeni komhlaba okuthinta impilo yabantu. Lo mthwalo wokungcola ungafinyelela emanzini emifuleni, emachibini nasolwandle futhi ungcolise amanzi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokugijima komhlaba.