Izintaba zaseHimalaya

Uma ukhuluma ngobubanzi bezintaba ezinkulu emhlabeni uhlala ukhuluma ngabo izindlalifa. Uhla lwezintaba oluneziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke ezikhona emhlabeni wethu, kufaka phakathi i-Everest ne-K2 edumile. Futhi inezinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi zezintaba ezinamanani aphezulu emvelo. Yize inkulu ngosayizi, ithathwa njengenye yezinhlelo zezintaba ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngazo zonke izici, i-geology, izimbali nezilwane ezikhona e-Himalaya nokubaluleka kwayo emvelweni. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezintaba ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni? Qhubeka ufunde ngoba uzofunda konke 🙂

Okuvamile

AmaHimalaya atholakala kuyo yonke i-Asia eseningizimu emaphakathi. Lezi zintaba zigcina ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu eMhlabeni ziphila. Ihamba ibanga elide elihlala emazweni ama-5 okwengezwa: I-India, iNepal, iChina, iBhutan nePakistan. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu nokuphakama kwezintaba zayo, kunamadiphozi amakhulu e-ice okwenza ukuthi ibe sezingeni lesithathu ezingeni lomhlaba. I-Antarctica ne-Arctic ukuphela kwento engadlula lezi zintaba ngokweqhwa. Yize ingangeni eqhweni eliphezulu emhlabeni, igqame ngobuhle bayo obungenakulinganiswa Izintaba ze-Appalachian.

Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zintaba zinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, amadolobha amaningi nemizana ehlukene ahleli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isiko elenzeka kulezi zindawo lihlukile, ngoba alinakutholwa kwenye indawo. Ngaphezu kwesiko eliyingqayizivele nokukhethekile esimweni sezulu esibandayo, linokuheha okuhle kwabavakashi, hhayi kuphela okuvela kubavakashi abavela kwamanye amazwe, kepha kusuka kubaqaphi abangochwepheshe abazama ukukhuphukela phezulu ukuze baphule amarekhodi omhlaba.

Izakhamizi zale ndawo zaziwa njenge USherpas futhi ungungoti kakhulu ezintabeni zaseNepal. Eqinisweni, abaningi bazinikele ekufundiseni abagibeli be-novice konke abadinga ukukwazi ukuze baphile ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Himalaya. Futhi ukuthi emazingeni aphezulu izinga lokushisa lehla kanye nengcindezi yasemkhathini futhi bakhiqiza izimo ezinzima kakhulu zemvelo ukuthi bakwazi ukukhuphuka.

USherpas wazalelwa kulezi zindawo ngakho-ke babe nenqubo yokuzivumelanisa neminyaka eminingi ezimeni zemvelo. AmaHimalaya nawo ayinto enamandla yenkolo kubo bonke abantu abaseduze nezintaba. Akugcini nje ngokubusa inkolo eyodwa kulezi zingosi, kodwa amaHindu, amaJain, amaBuddha, namaSikh enza imikhuba yawo.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ubude obuphelele beHimalaya bungamakhilomitha angama-2400 ubude futhi buqala empumalanga buye entshonalanga yoMfula i-Indus. Idabula wonke amazwe asenkabeni-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi iphelela eBrahmaputra. Ububanzi bayo obukhulu ngu-260 km.

Ukuba uhla lwezintaba zalezi zilinganiso, imifula eminingi igeleza ngokugeleza okukhulu ngenxa yamanzi amasha avela ekuncibilikeni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ungajabulela futhi izigodi ezinhle ezimise okwe-U ngenxa yokuguguleka kweqhwa. Lezi zinqubo zangaphandle zokwakheka komhlaba ziyathakazelisa futhi kufanelekile ukuzibona mathupha. Imifula emikhulu egeleza phakathi kwezintaba zeHimalaya yilezi iGanges, i-Indo, i-Yarlung Tsangpo, i-Yellow, i-Mekong, i-Nujiang ne-Brahmaputra. Yonke le mifula inokugeleza okukhulu futhi idume ngamanzi ayo emvelo futhi amsulwa. Banekhono lokulawula isimo sezulu seplanethi futhi bathwale izidalwa eziningi futhi bageleze baye ezindaweni ezizungezile. Lokhu kugeleza kulayishwa ngezinto zemvelo ezinothe kakhulu ngezakhamzimba.

Kwakhiwa kanjani uhla lwezintaba zeHimalaya?

Ukuze lolu hlu lwezintaba lube nobukhulu obunjalo lube khona, inqubo ethile engaphandle yokwakheka komhlaba enobukhulu obukhulu bekufanele ibekhona. Uhla lwezintaba zeHimalaya lwakhiwa ngenxa yokushayisana kwepuleti le-Indic ne-Eurasia. Lezi zingcwecwe ezimbili zezwekazi zashayisana ngamandla amakhulu futhi zathuthukisa zonke izintaba esizibona namuhla. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izintaba ezinkulu emhlabeni wethu, amaHimalaya mancane. Ngithi uma kuqhathaniswa ngoba ngokwesilinganiso somuntu indala kakhulu, kepha masingakhohlwa isikhathi sokuma komhlaba.

Esinye sezizathu ezaziwa njengezikhethi zesimanje kungenxa yokuthi azigqokwa nhlobo. Lapho intaba indala kuyabonakala ukuthi isiqongo siguguleka kakhulu ngemuva kwezinqubo eziqhubekayo zemvula, iqhwa, imvula nomoya. Inqubo eyakhiwe ngayo ayikaqondakali ngokugcwele, kepha ifaniswa ne-Alps ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani. Umphakathi wezesayensi ususungule ukuthi, ngenkathi zombili izingqimba zamazwekazi zishayisana, uqweqwe loMhlaba lwakhuphuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eyizigidi.

Ngemuva kwezifundo ze-paleontological kanye ne-geological yendawo kutholakele lokho ukuqala kokwakheka kwalezi zintaba kwaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-55 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi kulapho womabili amapuleti aqala ukushayisana. Le nqubo ayikapheli namuhla. Lesi yisizathu esenza kube nokuzamazama komhlaba okuningi kangaka endaweni. Yingakho izintaba zeHimalaya kuthiwa zincane, njengoba izintaba zalo ziqhubeka nokukhula namuhla. Ayikho inqubo yokwakheka komhlaba esheshayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izoqeda ukukhula kungakapheli iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60.

Izimbali zaseHimalaya nezilwane

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, le ndawo engokwemvelo igcwele ukwehluka okumangalisayo kwezimbali nezilwane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zamathafa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esiseduze. Isibonelo, sithola amahlathi asezingeni eliphansi, asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi njengama-alpine landscape. Njengoba sikhuphuka phezulu sithola izindawo lapho kuneqhwa neqhwa kuphela.

I-World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) icwaninge ngokujulile ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi yakha uhlu lapho ikhombisa khona ukuthi zihlala ndawonye Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-200, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-10.000 977 nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-XNUMX. Lokhu kuyingcebo okufanele ilandelwe, ngoba namuhla kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezinokwehluka okunjalo kokubili izimbali nezilwane.

Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi lukusiza ukwazi okwengeziwe ngohambo lwezintaba oludume kakhulu emhlabeni.