ubucwebe

Amaqhwa e-Pyrenees

El ubucwebe waziwa njengochungechunge lwezigigaba ezihlobene nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinguzunga zeqhwa ziyinqwaba yeqhwa elinqwabelana ezintabeni ezimbozwe iqhwa elihlala njalo, elingaphansi kwalo lishelela kancane njengomfula. I-glacierism iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho kubhekwa ucwaningo lwezemvelo lwezigodi nezintaba.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-glacialism kanye nezinguzunga zeqhwa.

Yini i-glacialism

i-glacierism nokubaluleka

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi i-glacialism ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegama elifanayo lokuqhwaza. Yomibili le mibono ingase ibhekisele ekwakhiweni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nokungena kweqhwa okwenzeka ezindaweni eziningana ezinkulu esikhathini esidlule.

Ikakhulukazi, iqhwa, isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele lapho izinga lokushisa loMhlaba lehla, libangela ukuba izinguzunga zeqhwa namaqhwa antanta olwandle olusenyakatho ukuba ande. Kulokhu, kufanele sikhulume ngezikhathi ezahlukene zeqhwa, ezakamuva kakhulu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Würm, okuyinto yaqala eminyakeni eyizi-110.000 edlule futhi yathatha cishe iminyaka eyisigidi.

Njengeqiniso elithakazelisayo, kufanele siveze ukuthi, ngokwendlela igatsha le-geography ebonakalayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-glaciology echaza ngayo lo mqondo, esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuba khona kwamashidi eqhwa kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres (eningizimu naseNyakatho). Uma kunjalo, sisenkathini yeqhwa namuhla, njengoba kokubili i-Antarctica neGreenland zinezingqimba zeqhwa.

Ayini amaqhwa

ubucwebe

Izinguzunga zeqhwa kukholakala ukuthi ziyizinsalela zenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu ayephoqa iqhwa ukuba ligeleze liye ezindaweni eziphansi lapho isimo sezulu sesifudumala khona. Namuhla singathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinguzunga zeqhwa ezintabeni zawo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Australia nezinye iziqhingi ezisolwandle. Phakathi kwama-latitudes 35°N kanye no-35°S, izinguzunga zeqhwa zingabonakala kuphela e-Rocky Mountains, e-Andes, e-Himalaya, eNew Guinea, eMexico, eMpumalanga Afrika, naseMount Zad Kuh. (I-Iran).

Izinguzunga zeqhwa zithatha cishe amaphesenti ayishumi omhlaba wonke womhlaba. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ngenxa yokuthi izimo zemvelo zikulungele. Okusho ukuthi, izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi imvula iphezulu. Siyazi ngohlobo lwemvula olubizwa ngokuthi i-mountain precipitation, eyenzeka lapho umoya ukhuphuka futhi ekugcineni ujiyile, imvula ena esiqongweni sentaba. Uma izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaphansi kwamadigri angu-0, le mvula izovela njengeqhwa futhi ekugcineni izozinza kuze kube yilapho kumila iqhwa.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezitholakala ezintabeni eziphakeme nasezifundeni ezipholile zinamagama ahlukene. Lezo ezibonakala ezintabeni eziphakeme zibizwa ngokuthi izinguzunga zeqhwa zasezintabeni, kuyilapho izinguzunga zeqhwa zibizwa ngokuthi izinguzunga zeqhwa. Ngezinkathi ezifudumele, ezinye zikhipha amanzi ancibilikayo ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa, okwenza amanzi abalulekile ezitshalo nezilwane. Futhi, awusizo olukhulu kubantu njengoba la manzi enikezwa abantu. Yichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke lamanzi ahlanzekile eMhlabeni, aqukethe kufika kumakota amathathu amanzi ahlanzekile.

Inguzunga yeqhwa yakhiwa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene.

  • Indawo yokuqongelela. Yindawo ephakeme kakhulu lapho iqhwa liwela futhi liqoqeke khona.
  • Indawo ye-Ablation. Kule ndawo izinqubo zokuhlangana nokuhwamuka zenzeka. Yilapho i-glacier ifinyelela khona ibhalansi phakathi kokukhuphuka nokulahleka kwesisindo.
  • Ukuqhekeka. Yizindawo lapho i-glacier igeleza ngokushesha khona.
  • AmaMoraines. Lawa ngamabhande amnyama akhiwa izidalwa ezakha emaphethelweni naseziqongweni. Amatshe ahudulwe yiqhwa ayagcinwa akhiwe kulezi zindawo.
  • Isikhumulo. Kuphela ekugcineni kweqhwa lapho iqhwa eliqongelelekile liyancibilika khona.

umumo oqoshiwe

msobe

Umqondo we-glacialism nawo uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enqubweni yokulingisa impumuzo esekelwe ekwehleni okusobala kwezinga lokushisa, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ngale ndlela, uma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okuqhubekayo kuqoshwa endaweni, kwakhiwa iqhwa: glaciation kwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, iqhwa liwumphumela wesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, lapho iqhwa likhula, likhula ngenxa yomnikelo weqhwa emanzini ayiqhwa, iqhwa nama-avalanche. Izinguzunga zeqhwa, zona, zilahlekelwa isisindo ngokuhlukana nokuhwamuka kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Umehluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa nokuzuza kwesisindo ubizwa ngokuthi i-glacial equilibrium.

I-Glacierism e-Quaternary

Nakuba singathola ubufakazi beqhwa ezikhathini ezihlukahlukene zokuma kwezwe, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Quaternary glaciation yiyona evusa isithakazelo esikhulu kubacwaningi ngoba ifa lakhona lingabonwa endaweni yamanje. Kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi leli gama laphinde lanikezwa iPleistocene futhi akufanele kudidaniswe neHolocene.

Amaqhwa e-Pleistocene enzeka njengomphumela wokugobhoza okuhlukahlukene okubandayo noma amaqhwa e-Quaternary, okuyizinto ezilandelayo: Gunz, Mindel, Riss kanye noWürm. Kulezi zinsuku, kuyinto evamile ukwamukela okunye ukuphila, okubizwa ngokuthi uDonan, okuyoba ngaphambi kokunye okune.

Ukubona konke lokhu, eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, indawo yeqhwa ihlanganisa inani elikhulu lezingqungquthela. Okuwukuphela kobufakazi obufanele be-Quaternary glacial action esibutholile e-Iberian Cordillera inqwaba ebizwa ngokuthi i-Moncayo: Castilla, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Peña Negra, i-Lobera ne-Moncayo, enokuphakama okungu-2118 m no-2226 m ngokulandelana kanye no-2316 m. Eningizimu-mpumalanga ineziqongo eziphansi njengeSierra del Taranzo neSierra del Tablado.

Ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba

Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa okuseduze phakathi kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nesimo sezulu kuye kwenza izinguzunga zeqhwa zaba isihloko esithakazelisa kososayensi nakubalondolozi bemvelo. Ngalo mqondo, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuthinta iqhwa futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlehla kanye nokushabalala kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Yingakho imizamo yokunciphisa nokuhlehlisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ibaluleke kangaka emhlabeni.

Njengoba ubona, i-glacialism iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni i-geology yezigodi nezintaba. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-glacialism nezici zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.