Omunye wezazi zefiziksi ezinkulu ezidlule kuwo wonke umlando womhlaba wesayensi UPaul diac. Igama lakhe eliphelele nguPaul Adrien Maurice Dirac futhi wazalwa ngo-August 8, 1902. Washona ngo-Okthoba 20, 1984 futhi wayengomunye wochwepheshe be-physics owagqama ngekhono lakhe kwizibalo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela nge-biography kaPaul Dirac nokuthi yiziphi izenzo zakhe.
Umlando kaPaul Dirac
Wazalelwa eBristol, eNgilandi. Ubaba wakhe unguthisha kahulumeni waseFrance, kodwa ungowokudabuka eSwitzerland. UPaul wangena esikoleni lapho uyise afundisa khona futhi ubelokhu eyaziwa ngekhono lakhe lezibalo. Lapho ephothula esikoleni esiphakeme, ikusasa lakhe lalicace bha. Ufundele ubunjiniyela bukagesi eNyuvesi yaseBristol futhi kusukela ekuqaleni wagxila ikakhulukazi ekugcizeleleni ekusetshenzisweni kwezibalo zezibalo kwezobunjiniyela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu zakhe zeziqu, wakhangwa inkolelo-mbono ka-Einstein yokuhlobana futhi wangena eNyuvesi yaseCambridge ukuze enze izifundo zezibalo.
Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wasenyuvesi, waqala ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono ye-quantum yokunyakaza kwe-electron, eyavuthwa ngo-1928, ephakamisa ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya ezifana nama-electron kuzo zonke izici ngaphandle kokushaja kagesi: ama-electron ashajwa kabi kanye nale zinhlayiya ezicatshangelwayo.
Ososayensi abafana noMax Born noma uPascual Jordan yenze ucwaningo olufanayo cishe ngasikhathi sinye, nakuba umehluko usebulula obunengqondo bendlela yokucabanga esetshenziswa i-Dirac. Ekugcineni, lo mbono waqinisekiswa ngokucacile ngo-1932, lapho isazi sefiziksi saseMelika uCarl Anderson sithola uhlobo lwezinhlayiyana okuthiwa i-positron ngokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ezingqubuzana nemisebe ye-cosmic, futhi sathola umkhondo wezinhlayiyana.
I-Dirac yakwazi futhi ukufaka inkolelo-mbono yokuhlobana encazelweni yezibalo yemishini ye-athomu ye-hydrogen. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Dirac equation ye-electron, okuthi, ngaphezu kokunikeza incazelo yomugqa we-spectral, iphinde ichaze i-electron ngendlela exazulula inkinga ye-spin. Kodwa-ke, umphakathi wesayensi unokungabaza okuthile ngalo mbono onesibindi.
Ezinye izimangaliso zikaPaul Dirac
Kwezinye izimo, nakuba aziwa kakhulu emphakathini wesayensi, wakuthola kunzima ukuthola umsebenzi, isimo esamholela ekufundiseni eSt. John's College, eCambridge. Lesi sikole, esiholwa ngu-RH Fowler, saba nesandla emsebenzini wokuphayona ka-Niels Bohr emkhakheni we-atomic physics, okuvumela i-Dirac ukuthi ihambisane nokuthuthuka kwe-physics. Ngesikhathi sakho njengothisha, wabhala "Izimiso ze-quantum mechanics" (1930).
U-Dirac ubuye wanconywa ngamagalelo akhe ku-Fermi-Dirac statistical mechanics. Le ntuthuko yesayensi yamtholela umklomelo weNobel kuPhysics ngo-1933, awuhlanganyela no-Erwin Schrödinger. Kamuva, wenziwa ilunga leRoyal Society.
Kusukela lapho igama lakhe selaziwa kabanzi, waqokwa njengoSolwazi Wezibalo eNyuvesi yaseCambridge futhi kamuva waqokwa njengoProfesa WeFiziksi eFlorida State University. Futhi Wayeyilungu le-American Physical Society for Advanced Education.
U-Dirac ucabange ukuthi ukuziphatha kwama-electron kungachazwa ngemisebenzi yegagasi emine elalela izilinganiso ezine ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kusukela kulezi zibalo kulandela ukuthi ama-electron kufanele ajikeleze eksisi yawo, ngamafuphi, asesimweni samandla angalungile, angahambisani neqiniso elingokoqobo. Sengiphetha, uDirac ukholelwa ukuthi amandla anganele e-electron kulesi simo alingana nezinhlayiyana ezihlala isikhathi esifushane ezishajwe kahle.
Impilo yomndeni
U-Dirac wathuthela e-St. John's College, eNyuvesi yase-Cambridge ukuze enze ucwaningo lwe-theoretical physics ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Ralph Fowler. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uDirac wawuqeda umsebenzi. Njengamanje, ithonya lakhe emhlabeni we-physics likhulu kakhulu. Iminikelo yakhe eminingi ithathwa njengenqumayo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-quantum mechanics. Ngokuqondene ne-athomu, kungashiwo ukuthi ingomunye wososayensi abafake isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwayo.
Manje, umshado wakhe noMargit Balasz uyithuba lokuthuthuka emkhakheni wesayensi, ngoba ungudadewabo wesazi sefiziksi saseHungary u-Eugene Wigner, futhi umnikeze ukwesekwa okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwakhe. Futhi, uMargit uhlale esekela kakhulu. I-Dirac ishicilele izincwadi ezimbalwa, njenge-Quantum Singularities in Electromagnetic Fields (1931), ukwenza lolu cwaningo kusekelwe ezilinganisweni zikaMaxwell.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washicilela imiphumela yakhe ethiyori ebalulekile yomgwaqo, futhi uRichard Feynman wasungula izinkolelo-mbono eziningana ezivela kulo msebenzi. Wenza nocwaningo oluhlobene nomsebenzi we-delta.
UPaul Dirac waphothula umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi eCambridge ngo-1969 futhi wanquma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi futhi aphumule eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ngenxa yokukhula kwakhe futhi wathuthela eFlorida State University e-United States. Yena nomkakhe bathuthela eTallahassee, eFlorida. Ekugcineni, ngo-October 20, 1984, uDirac washona. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, abantu bakhokha intela futhi bahlonishwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi. Nakuba, ezikhathini eziningi, iye yagxekwa imikhakha ethile yomphakathi ngoba ihlobene ngokuqondile nokubambisana ekwenzeni amabhomu e-athomu.
Ukuphela kwezinsuku zakhe
Lokhu kanye neminye iminikelo evelele, efana nethiyori ye-quantum ye-radiation noma i-Fermi-Dirac statistical mechanics, yamtholela uMklomelo KaNobel ku-Physics ngo-1933 futhi, kanye no-Erwin Schrödinger, uSihlalo kaLucas weMathematika ngonyaka odlule. Kwaze kwaba ngu-1968. Ekugcineni wathuthela e-United States futhi waqokwa njengoProfesa Emeritus eNyuvesi yaseTallahassee ngo-1971.
Ngo-1933, wahlanganyela uMklomelo KaNobel kuPhysics no-Erwin Schrödinger, futhi e.ngo-1939 waba yilungu leRoyal Society. Kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1968 wayenguprofesa wezibalo eNyuvesi yaseCambridge, kusukela ngo-1971 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe wayenguprofesa we-physics e-Florida State University, futhi kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1959 wayeyilungu le-Advanced Institute. UPaul Dirac washona ngo-Okthoba 20, 1984 eTallahassee, eFlorida, eU.SA.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoPaul Dirac kanye ne-biography yakhe.