La taphonomy Kuyisiyalo se-paleontology.Yena ophethe ukutadisha zonke izinqubo ezenzeke ngaphambili, ngesikhathi nangemva kokungcwatshwa komzimba endaweni yokuvubukula. Lesi siyalo singahlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinqubo ezithinta amathambo kwirekhodi lezinsalela.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-taphonomy nokubaluleka kwayo ukuthola ulwazi kusuka esikhathini esedlule.
Ukufundwa kwetaphonomy
Umsuka walesi siyalo wanikezwa ngu-Ivan A. Efremov ngo-1940. Kungumyalo wesayensi ofuna ukutadisha okwenzekayo ngezinsalela eziphilayo kusuka ku-biosphere kuya ku-lithosphere. I-Taphonomy ngesiGreki isho imithetho yokungcwaba. Lokhu kwavela ngokukhathazeka u-Efremov ayenakho lapho kuziwa ekuhumusheni amaphutha athile ayesezinsalela ngenxa yesenzo sabenzeli abahlukahlukene be-paleoecological.
Kusukela ekudalweni kwalesi siyalo sesayensi, izinhloso, izindlela namasu wokutadisha ayekhula. Lokhu futhi kungenxa yokuthi kuphakame imibuzo emisha mayelana nezinqubo zokwenziwa kwezinto zakudala kanye nokongiwa kwezici ze-paleobiological. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinsalela zezinsalela zamathambo nazo zingaphansi kwesenzo sezinto ezincane kanye nokuziphatha kwazo okuhlukahlukene.
Izinqubo ze-Taphonomic
Njengoba kulindelwe, izinqubo ezenzeka kuTaphonomy kumele zihlukaniswe. Lezi zinqubo zihlelwe zaba izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Izinqubo ze-Biostratinomic
- Izinqubo ze-Fossyldiagenetic
Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezifundwa kuTaphonomy, kungagcizelelwa okuyizinqubo nama-ejenti asebenza ezinsaleleni zezinto eziphilayo ezimeni ezimbili ezihlukaniswe kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinohlangothi lwe-subaerial futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-subsurface. Sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe okuyinqubo ngayinye kulezi ezihlukaniswe kabanzi.
Izinqubo ze-Biostratinomic
Yilabo ababhekana nezinsalela ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa. Lokho wukuthi, ama-microorganisms asebenza ezidunjini ukuze akwazi ukubola izinto eziphilayo. Uma izinsalela zihlala, zingcwatshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho isivaliwe, singena esikhundleni se-tafocenosis. I-Tafocenosis ayikho enye into ngaphandle kweqoqo lezinto eziphilayo ezingcwatshwe ndawonye. Yonke indawo ehlala lezi zidalwa ezingcwatshwe ibizwa nge-tafotope.
Isigaba lapho amabhizinisi angcwatshwe khona sibizwa ngokuthi yi-differential preservation. Lesi sigaba siqukethe zonke izinqubo, ama-agent kanye nokuguqulwa okuye kwangenelela emathanjeni ngezikhathi ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa. Lawa ma-ejenti nezinqubo zingaguqula ukwakheka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwamathambo ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa.
Ngeshwa, kuzinqubo ze-biostratinomic kulapho ukulahleka okukhulu kwemininingwane kusuka kumlando wezinsalela kwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto eziphilayo zinenani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo ezibola kalula ngemuva kokufa. Kuphela ezimweni ezithile ezihlukile lapho ingxenye yalolu daba lwezinto eziphilayo ingalondolozwa.
Gcina wazi ukuthi umzimba ofile usekhona kuwebhu yokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezilwane eziningi, isikhunta kanye nama-bacteria angabahlaseli.. Ama-Scavenger yilezo zidalwa eziphilayo ezinesibopho sokususa into efile. Ziyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzinto eziphilayo kanye nokulingana kwazo kwemvelo. Ngalesi sizathu, njengoba isidumbu sesidalwa sikwi-trophic web, ulwazi oluningi lungalahleka ngoba izinto zalo eziphilayo zinciphile.
Lezi zinqubo zihlukaniswe ngamaphuzu ama-4:
- Ukuhlelwa kabusha: inqubo ehlobene nokuthuthwa kwezinsalela. Phakathi nale nqubo isenzo sezilwane sibaluleke impela, ngoba ziyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane yazo ziyishaye. Kunamanye amadamu angakonakali kangako.
- Ukuhlukaniswa: kuyinqubo eyenzeka ezintweni ezinamathambo ezakhi ezahlukahlukene. Umphumela wale nqubo ukwahlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba ofanayo.
- Ukuhlukaniswa: Kuyinkqubo efaka konke ukwehlukaniswa kwezicucu zibe ezincane. Lokhu kuhlobene nokwenziwa kwabagcobi abaningi abagcina bedla izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo kuze kube manje ezungeze amathambo.
- Ukugqwala: ihlanganisa yonke imiphumela edalwe ukuhuzuka ngokomzimba, kokuphilayo kanye nokonakala kwamakhemikhali. Kungumphumela ofana ncamashi nalokho okwenzekayo lapho isimo sezulu sisemadwaleni.
Izinqubo ze-Fossyldiagenetic
Lezi zinqubo yilezo ezitholwa yizinhlangano ezigcinwa ngemuva kokungcwatshwa. Uma sebekwi-lithosphere, ukonga okwehlukile kwenzeka. Yilapho kufaka khona ukwenziwa kwama-ejenti ahlukile, izinqubo kanye nokuguqulwa okungenelela ezintweni eziphilayo ngesikhathi sokungcwaba. Njengezinqubo ezedlule, lezi nazo zingalimaza futhi zilahlekelwe inani elikhulu lolwazi kanye nalokho okungenzeka kube khona.
Ezinye izinqubo ezenzekayo yilezi ukuguguleka kwamaminerali, i-permineralization, i-neoformism, ukuphinda kufakwe kabusha, ukufaka esikhundleni, ukuncibilika noma ukuminyaniswa. Lezi zinqubo zincike kokunye okuguqukayo njengesenzo sokumba izilwane ezifana nezikelemu. Kukhona futhi nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, izingxenye zamakhemikhali zomhlaba ongaphansi, ithonya lokugeleza kwe-hydraulic kanye nezinye izinto ezisebenza ezinsaleleni zamathambo.
Inhloso yeTaphonomy
Lapho sesethule zonke izinqubo ezingasebenza ezintweni eziphilayo ngenkathi yokungcwaba, sizohlaziya ukuthi iyiphi inhloso elandelwa yiTaphonomy. Babegxile ekutadisheni kwamathambo ezilwane atholakala ezindaweni zemivubukulo.
Ezinye izinto ezinjengokuthuthwa kwamathambo ziye zathola ukubaluleka ngokuqhubekayo ukuze zithole eminye imininingwane. Izinkambu zokutadisha iTaphonomy namuhla banesibopho sokuhlaziya amamashi namathrekhi avela ebusweni bamathambo. Lezi zinyathelo zingaba nemvelaphi ye-anthropic. Le yindlela ongatadisha ngayo enye indlela yokuphila yabantu esikhathini esedlule futhi uqokomise ukutadisha kwamamaki amathambo okubulawa kwabantu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeTaphonomy nokubaluleka kwayo.