Siyavuma ukuthi umqondo odume kakhulu wekhulu lama-XNUMX kuze kube manje yilowo UStephen Hawking. Imayelana nendoda eyayiyisazi sefilosofi, isazi sendawo yonke kanye nomsasazi odumile waseGreat Britain futhi owaguqula indlela umhlaba wonke owaziwa ngayo namuhla. Ucwaningo lwakhe lushiye uphawu emlandweni wesayensi futhi isimo sakhe uqobo simenze isibonelo sokuzithuthukisa.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela yonke i-biography nokuxhashazwa kukaStephen Hawking.
Izenzo zikaStephen Hawking
Njengoba sazi, uStephen Hawking akagcinanga nje ngokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu, kepha futhi ubenesimo somuntu siqu esimenze isibonelo sokuthuthuka kubantu abaningi. Futhi yilokho kuphela iminyaka yakhe engama-22 yokuphila kwatholakala ukuthi une-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lesi sifo, esaziwa kangcono njenge-ALS, sabangela ukuthi ukuhamba kwakhe kube nomkhawulo eminyakeni edlule. Ubengahambisa kuphela ingxenye emfushane yomzimba wakhe. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo asihlaselanga amandla akhe amakhulu obuhlakani. Ngalesi sizathu, wakwazi ukuba ngomunye wososayensi abaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando.
Igalelo elikhulu likaStephen Hawking kwezesayensi lilele emcabangweni owaziwa ngokuthi "Umbono wayo yonke into". Wayengusosayensi wokuqala ukuzama ukuhlanganisa iTheory of General Relativity ka-Einstein nemithetho yeQuantum Physics. Siyazi ukuthi imithetho elawula indawo yonke ayifani naleyo ebonwa ososayensi emhlabeni omncane. Lo mhlaba yiwo oqoqa zonke izinhlayiya ezincane njengama-electron, ama-proton nama-neutron. Ukubuyisana kwazo zonke izinhlayiya ezincane kungenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zesayensi yanamuhla.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kunezibalo eziningi kakhulu kunezikhathi zasendulo ukuxazulula le nkinga, uStephen Hawking wakha ophambili futhi ophayona kakhulu. Yifomula yokushisa komgodi omnyama. Ngokwalesi sibalo kanye nale mbono, izimbobo ezimnyama zinesibopho sokukhipha imisebe ethile futhi ibizwa ngemisebe ye-Hawking. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izingqikithi ngokusebenza kwendawo yonke ezenziwe ngusosayensi kule minyaka neminyaka yocwaningo. Eminye yemibono eyaziwa kakhulu yilena umbono wesikhathi sokucabanga futhi lapho ubeka khona ukuthi indawo yonke ayinayo imikhawulo kanjalo. Lokhu kudala ukuthi isikhathi sivele kwesakho Big Bang.
UStephen Hawking Biography
Sizobukeza kafushane i-biography yalo sosayensi. UStephen Hawking wagqama kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe ngenxa yamandla akhe obuhlakani angenhla. Kangangokuthi wethula i-thesis yakhe yobudokotela lapho eneminyaka eyi-24 kuphela. Lo mqondo wawubizwa ngokuthi 'Izakhiwo Zokukhulisa Amanyuvesi', ubesesidlangalaleni kusukela ngo-2017, futhi kungaboniswana naye eNyuvesi yaseCambridge.
Noma lesi sifo sibucayi kangangoba besikhula ngokwengeziwe ukuhamba kwakhe, wakwazi ukukhula njengomunye wososayensi abakhunjulwa kakhulu emlandweni futhi wakhula ngokomzwelo. Washada kabili waba nezingane ezintathu. Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina yokuphila, uqhubeke nokushicilela nokunikeza izinkulumo njengesethenjwa esikhulu ocwaningweni lwamanje lwendawo yonke kanye nangekusasa lesintu njengezilwane.
Phakathi kokungenelela komphakathi kwakamuva, usevele waxwayisa ukuthi abantu kumele bashiye iplanethi yethu ukuze baphile njengohlobo oluthile. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wenze ukucabanga okubalulekile ngobukhona bempilo kwamanye amaplanethi kanye nethuba lokuphila okuhlakaniphile. Elinye lamaphupho kaStephen Hawking kwakuwukuhamba emkhathini futhi yize akwazile ukuphinda enze isipiliyoni se-zero gravity lapho eneminyaka engu-65 ubudala, kwakwanele kuye.
Lo sosayensi omkhulu wazalwa ngoJanuwari 8, 1942, eminyakeni engama-300 ngemuva kokufa kuka- Galileo. Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukwenza izifundo zezibalo kodwa zazingatholakali enyuvesi yakhe ngakho-ke wafunda i-physics. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu futhi hhayi umzamo omkhulu, wathola iziqu ze-honors kwisayensi yemvelo. Wazinikela ekucwaningeni nge-cosmology njengoba kwakungekho noyedwa owayefunda le ngxenye e-Oxford.
Kwakungo-1963 lapho ashibilika futhi wawa ngesikhathi sokushibilika eqhweni futhi waqala ukuba nobunzima bokuhamba. Yilapho atholakala khona ukuthi une-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ngeminyaka engama-22 nje kuphela yokuphila, waqala ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwakhe ngokwengeziwe.
Iminikelo ehamba phambili
UStephen Hawking wayengagcini nje ngokuba ngumcwaningi omkhulu, kodwa futhi futhi wayedume kakhulu. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala ethandwayo yashicilelwa ngo-1973 futhi yaziwa njenge- "The large scale of the structure of space-time." Eminye imibhalo ifaka phakathi i-General Relativity: A Survey of Einstein's Centennial, with W. Israel, and 300 Years of Gravitation, with W Israel. Phakathi kwezincwadi ezithandwayo uStephen Hawking asezishicilele kukhona ezidayisa kakhulu i-A Brief History of Time, iBlack Holes ne-Baby Universes kanye ne-Other Essays, i-Universe ngokufingqiwe, iThe Grand Design, ne-My Brief History.
Kancane kancane, ukuhamba kwakhe kwancipha kakhulu kuya kuwo wonke amaphethelo omzimba. Lokhu kumphoqe ukuthi ancike esihlalweni. Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kwakhe emzimbeni akukaze kumvimbe ekubeni ngusosayensi okhaliphile. Ngo-1985 waphinde wahlushwa yi-pneumonia ephoqa odokotela ukuba benze i-tracheostomy. Lokhu kungenelela okubucayi kudale ukuthi alahlekelwe yizwi lakhe unomphela.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kusukela ngo-1997, uhlelo lwabo lokuxhumana lwalususelwa kukhompyutha. Ithebhulethi efakwe engalweni yesihlalo sakho esinamasondo esebenza namabhethri esihlalo uqobo, yize ibhethri langaphakathi lamaphilisi lingaligcina lisebenza uma kudingeka. Kwakuyisistimu yesikhashana eyenzelwe yena ukuxhumana.
Wayengowokuqala ukuthuthukisa i-equation ukuzama ukuhlanganisa umbono wokuhlobana okujwayelekile kanye ne-quantum physics. Uqhamuke nesibalo esaziwa ngokuthi ifomula lokushisa lomgodi omnyama lapho umbono wakhe uthi imbobo emnyama empeleni ayimnyama ngokuphelele. Futhi ukuthi le migodi ikhipha imisebe encane futhi ibizwe ngemisebe ye-Hawking.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoStephen Hawking nange-biography yakhe.