I-Skeleton Lake

Iplanethi yethu igcwele izinto ezikhangayo eziheha abantu abaningi futhi okunzima ukuzichaza. Enye yalezi zinto iSkeleton Lake. Yindawo etholakala ezintabeni ze-Himalaya egcwele amathambo abantu. Kunemibono eminingi kanye nezifundo eziye zenziwa kuleli chibi.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizokutshela zonke ilukuluku, ubufakazi kanye nezifundo ezikhona nge-Skeleton Lake.

Indaba ye-Skeleton Lake

Ngo-1942, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, umqaphi waseNdiya okuthiwa u-Hari Kishan Madhwal wathola into ebalulekile etholakele ngenkathi ehamba ekujuleni kwezintaba ze-Himalaya. Esigodini esiphakathi kwezintaba, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-4.800 XNUMX, wabona ichibi elinamakhulukhulu amathambo abantu lintanta kulo. Kuyichibi laseRoopkund e-Uttarakhand, eNdiya, indawo eyisakhiwo sodumo esikweni lamaNdiya nendawo yasendulo yezindaba zezinganekwane.

Ekuqaleni, iziphathimandla eziphenya ngokutholakala zikholelwa ukuthi amathambo kwakungamasosha aseJapane ayengene e-Indian Territory ukuze alwe nezifiki zaseBrithani. Nokho, amathambo ayewohloke kangangokuthi aphetha ngokuthi kwase kunesikhathi eside elapho.

Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakucatshangelwa imibono ehlukahlukene. Omunye wabo uhlobanise umcimbi nohambo lwe-Nanda Devi Raj Jat, uhambo lwamasonto amathathu olusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ukukhulekela onkulunkulu baseNdiya. Okunye ukuthi lezi zidumbu kwakungezohambo olukhulu lwezempi lwangekhulunyaka le-XNUMX olwaphetha ngokubulala, kodwa ukuthola izidumbu eziningi zabesifazane, abesifazane ababengakwazi ukubhalisa ngaleyo minyaka, lo mbono wehluleka. Kutholakale ukuphuka ogebhezini lwamathambo ngesikhathi kuhlolwa isidumbu, kanti uphenyo luphethe ngokuthi bashone esichotho esikhulu, kubika iphephabhuku i-Outdoor.

"Izinsalela zalaba bantu akuzona ezesintu esisodwa ndawana thize eNdiya, kodwa ezabantu abahlala ngaphesheya kwezwekazi."

Manje, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70 kamuva, ucwaningo olusha olwanyatheliswa ku-Nature Communications luphikisana nalowo mbono wakamuva, onikeza inkomba yokuthi kungani amadoda nabesifazane abaningi kangaka befa e-Roopkund Lake, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Skeleton Lake. Incazelo ezwakala kakhudlwana.

Izimbangela kanye nemvelaphi ye-Skeleton Lake

Ocwaningweni, abacwaningi basebenzise i-radiocarbon dating ukuhlaziya ngokofuzo izinsalela ezingu-38 ezitholakala echibini, ekugcineni bathola iminyaka yangempela yamathambo nokuthi afika kanjani lapho. "Ekuqaleni, imiphumela yayikhomba amathambo angekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kodwa kamuva sathola ukuthi kwakungenjalo," kusho u-Éadaoin Harney, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo futhi ongumfundi wobudokotela eMnyangweni we-Organic and Evolutionary Biology e-Harvard University. . Izidumbu echibini azifanga esigamekweni esisodwa esiyinhlekelele, kodwa ngeminyaka eyahlukene. “Abanye sebekhona amakhulu eminyaka, kanti abanye sebekhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Impumelelo enkulu yabacwaningi ibe ukukhombisa amandla amakhulu abantu basendulo okuhamba amabanga amade kangako.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kwabonisa ukuthi izinsalela zazingamaqembu amathathu ahlukene, kusukela kubantu baseNingizimu Asia eminyakeni engaphezu kweyinkulungwane edlule kuya kwabahlala eGreece naseCretan eminyakeni engu-1.000 edlule. Iqembu lesithathu lalinoyedwa kuphela waseMpumalanga Asia. Sekukonke, izidumbu ezingama-200 zavela eNingizimu ye-Asia kanti ezinye eziyi-23 zavela eMedithera.

“Amathambo aseNingizimu Asia anozalo oluhluke kakhulu,” kuchaza uHaney. "Abayona ingxenye yesibalo sabantu abavela ndawana thize eNdiya, kodwa ngabantu abahlala kulo lonke izwekazi." Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-isotopic iphinde yabonisa ukuthi ngamunye ulandela uhlobo oluhlukile lokudla. Mayelana nokuthi bashona kanjani, uHaney nethimba lakhe abakasazi isizathu sangempela.

"Ukuphela komkhondo esinawo ukuthi iLake Roopkund iphakathi nomzila wokuvakashela obusetshenziswe ikhulunyaka eledlule," kusho abacwaningi. Kungani la manxiwa amadala kangaka futhi lowo mzila ungekho? “Sisadidekile futhi sidinga ulwazi oluthe xaxa ukuze sithole ukuthi ngabe bonke laba bantu bashonile bashonephi,” ephetha.

Njengoba lena kuyindawo enezimo ezinzima nezimangelengele kakhulu, ososayensi baphinde bahlola inkolelo-mbono yabo yokuthi kungenzeka babulawa imiphumela yento ethile eqinile, kungaba isichotho esinamandla noma ukuwa kwedwala ngengozi. Impumelelo enkulu kakhulu yabacwaningi, ngaphezu kokuzama ukuthola imbangela yokufa (engakacaci okwamanje), ukukhombisa amandla amakhulu abantu okuhamba amabanga amade ezikhathini zasendulo, uma kubhekwa ukude kwezwekazi lase-Asia. “Siyazi ukuthi kuhlale kukhona ukufuduka okukhulu, kodwa lokhu kusenza sicabange kabusha ukubaluleka kwabo kuwo wonke umlando,” kuphetha uHaney.

Curiosities

Iqembu lokuqala lalinabantu abangu-23 okhokho babo ababehlobene nenani labantu banamuhla baseNdiya, ababevela emaqenjini amaningi ahlukene futhi bahlala cishe ngo-AD 800. Iqembu lesibili (ikakhulukazi i-14) lashona ngekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi izakhi zofuzo zisikisela ukuthi izihlobo zabo eziseduze. siphila namuhla empumalanga yeMedithera, ikakhulukazi eGrisi naseKrethe.

Kodwa babenzani abahambi abavela esifundeni saseMedithera soMbuso Wase-Ottoman emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule emachwebeni ase-Himalaya angaphezu kwamamitha angu-5.000 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle? Umuntu angase acabange ukuthi izinsalela zalaba bezinye izizwe zingase zibe inzalo yamasosha anqoba isifunda no-Alexander Omkhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kodwa ukuhlaziya kwabo i-DNA akubhalisi ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo okufanele kwenzeke eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule eNdiya. Ekugcineni, eqenjini lesithathu, kunomuntu oyedwa kuphela wozalo lwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, naye owayephila ekhulwini le-XNUMX.

Ngokuka-Ayushi Nayak weMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, ukwakha kabusha ama-isotopes azinzile atholakala emathanjeni kusivumela ukuthi sifunde kabanzi mayelana nokudla kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zalaba bantu, kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi ahlukene. , ngoba amathambo abantu abahlobene neNdiya abonise ukudla okuhluke kakhulu, okuphakamisa ukuthi bangamaqembu ahlukene ezenhlalo nezomnotho eNingizimu ye-Asia. Ngokuphambene, abantu bomdabu waseMedithera babonakala benokuncane ukudla kwabo nge-millet, okusanhlamvu okudabuka eNdiya.

Ngokwabacwaningi, ukuhamba okushukunyiswa inkolo kubonakala kungenye incazelo ezwakalayo: “Ukuhambela la machibi, noma ngisho nasezigodini noma eziqongweni zesifunda, sekungamakhulu eminyaka kuvame, ngakho sicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izinsalela zigcine lapho. . Nokho, naphezu kwenani elikhulu lamachibi ase-Himalaya afana ne-Roopkund abalulekile ngokwenkolo, azikho ezinye izinsalela zabantu ezaziwayo eziye zatholakala eduze kwawo.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Skeleton Lake nezici zayo.