Impela wake wezwa ukuthi inyanga iyisathelayithi. Noma kunjalo, akubona bonke abantu abazi kahle kakhulu siyini isathelayithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona iziphuphutheki zemvelo nezokufakelwa. Ngayinye yazo inezici nemisebenzi ehlukile futhi kufanele ifundwe ngokuhlukile.
Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi iyini isathelayithi, ziyini izici zayo nokuthi ibaluleke ngani ngayinye yazo.
Siyini isathelayithi
Isathelayithi ingaba nezincazelo ezimbili kuya ngokuthi ngabe sibhekisa engxenyeni yemvelo noma ingxenye yokufakelwa. Uma sibhekisa engxenyeni yemvelo, sizobe sikhuluma ngomzimba wasezulwini opaque ojikeleza iplanethi eyinhloko. Okwesibili, Isathelayithi yokufakelwa iyithuluzi elibekwe emzileni ozungeza umhlaba ngenhloso yezesayensi, ezempi noma zokuxhumana.
Izinhlobo zeziphuphutheki
Iziphuphutheki zemvelo
I-satellite yemvelo ingumzimba wasezulwini ongadalwanga ngumuntu ozungeza enye indlela. Usayizi wesathelayithi uvame ukuba mncane kunomzimba wasezulwini oqhubeka uzungezile. Lokhu kunyakaza kungenxa yamandla ahehayo afakwa ngamandla adonsela phansi entweni enkulu. Kungakho beqala ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Kuyafana nokuzungeza komhlaba maqondana nelanga.
Uma sikhuluma ngeziphuphutheki zemvelo, kubuye kubizwe ngegama elijwayelekile leziphuphutheki. Njengoba inyanga yethu siyibiza ngokuthi inyanga, ezinye izinyanga zamanye amaplanethi zimelwe yigama elifanayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sisebenzisa igama inyanga, libhekisa kumzimba wasezulwini ozungeza omunye umzimba wasezulwini ohlelweni lwonozungezilanga, yize ikwazi ukuzungeza amaplanethi amancane, njengamaplanethi angaphakathi, amaplanethi angaphandle, kanye nezinye izidalwa ezincane zasezulwini ezinjenge-asteroid.
Isimiso sonozungezilanga Siqukethe amaplanethi ayisishiyagalombili, amaplanethi ayi-8 amancanyana, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, ama-asteroid futhi okungenani angaba yiziphuphutheki zeplanethi zemvelo eziyi-5. Okudume kakhulu inyanga yethu. Uma siqala ukuqhathanisa inani lezinyanga phakathi kwamaplanethi angaphakathi namaplanethi angaphandle, sizobona umehluko omkhulu. Amaplanethi angaphakathi aneziphuphutheki ezimbalwa noma awanazo nhlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi asele, abizwa ngokuthi ama-exoplanet, aneziphuphutheki eziningana ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu.
Azikho iziphuphutheki zemvelo ezenziwe ngegesi. Zonke iziphuphutheki zemvelo zenziwe ngedwala eliqinile. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi azinawo umoya wazo. Ngenxa yobuncane bazo, lezi zindikimba zasezulwini azinamoya ofanele. Ukuba nomoya kubangela ushintsho oluningi kumandla wesistimu yelanga.
Akuzona zonke iziphuphutheki zemvelo ezilinganayo. Sithole ukuthi ezinye zinkulu kunenyanga kanti ezinye zincane kakhulu. Inyanga enkulu kunazo zonke inobubanzi bamakhilomitha angama-5.262, obizwa ngoGanymede, futhi ungokaJupiter. Akumangazi ukuthi amaplanethi amakhulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga kufanele futhi abe nezinyanga ezinkulu kakhulu. Uma sihlaziya amathrekhi, sizothola ukuthi ajwayelekile noma ajwayelekile.
Ngokuqondene ne-morphology, okufanayo kuzokwenzeka. Ezinye izinto ziyindilinga, kanti ezinye zinesimo esingajwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo yabo yokuqeqesha. Lokhu kubuye ngenxa yejubane layo. Izinto ezakha ngokushesha zithatha ubujamo obungajwayelekile kunalezo ezakha kancane, njengoba kwenza ama-trajectories nezikhathi zesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-27 ukuthi inyanga izungeze uMhlaba.
Iziphuphutheki zokwenziwa
Zingumkhiqizo wobuchwepheshe besintu futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezindikimba zasezulwini abazifundayo. Iningi leziphuphutheki ezenziwe ngabantu lizungeza uMhlaba. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe babantu. Namuhla asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo.
Ngokungafani neziphuphutheki zemvelo njengenyanga, iziphuphutheki zokwenziwa zakhiwa ngabantu. Zihamba zizungeze izinto ezinkulu kunazo ngoba zidonswa amandla adonsela phansi. Imvamisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu enobuchwepheshe bokuguqula. Bathunyelwe emkhathini ukuthola imininingwane eminingi ngeplanethi yethu. Singakusho lokho imfucumfucu noma imfucumfucu yeminye imishini, umkhumbi-mkhathi osebenza nge-astronaut, iziteshi ze-orbital, nama-probe eplanethi azibhekwa njengeziphuphutheki zokwenziwa.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalezi zinto ukuthi zethulwa ngamarokhethi. Irokhethi alilutho ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemoto, olufana nomcibisholo, umkhumbi-mkhathi, noma indiza, engaqhubekisela phambili isathelayithi phezulu. Bahlelelwe ukulandela umzila ngokwendlela esunguliwe. Banomsebenzi obalulekile noma umsebenzi okufanele bawenze, njengokubheka ifu. Iningi leziphuphutheki ezizungeza umhlaba wethu ziyaqhubeka zizungeza njalo. Okwesibili, sinamasathelayithi athunyelwe kwamanye amaplanethi noma izidalwa zasezulwini, okumele zilandelelwe ukuthola ulwazi nokuqapha.
Sebenzisa nokusebenza
Inyanga isebenza ngamagagasi nasemjikelezweni wezinto eziphilayo eziningi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeziphuphutheki zemvelo:
- Iziphuphutheki ezijwayelekile zemvelo: Yilezo zidumbu ezizungeza umzimba omkhulu ngomqondo ofanayo wokuthi uzungeza ilanga. Lokho wukuthi, izungeza zinomqondo ofanayo noma ngabe enye inkulu kakhulu kunenye.
- Iziphuphutheki zemvelo ezingajwayelekile: lapha sibona ukuthi imizila ikude kakhulu namaplanethi abo. Incazelo yalokhu kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwabo akwenzelwanga eduze kwabo. Uma kungenjalo, lawa masathelayithi angabanjwa ngamandla adonsela phansi eplanethi ikakhulukazi. Kungase kube khona futhi nemvelaphi echaza ukuba kude kwala maplanethi.
Phakathi kweziphuphutheki zokufakelwa sithola okulandelayo:
- I-Geostationary: yilezo ezisuka empumalanga ziye entshonalanga ngaphezu kwenkabazwe. Alandela ukuqondisa nokushesha kokujikeleza komhlaba.
- I-Polar: Babizwa kanjalo ngoba basuka esigxotsheni esisodwa baye kwesinye ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ningizimu.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo, sinezinhlobo ezithile zeziphuphutheki ezibhekele ukubuka nokubona izici zomkhathi, ulwandle nomhlaba. Zibizwa ngama-satellite ezemvelo. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezithile, njenge-geosynchronization nokuvumelanisa kwelanga. Okokuqala amaplanethi azungeza uMhlaba ngejubane elifanayo nelesivinini sokujikeleza komhlaba. Inani lemizuzwana inani lamasekhondi adlula endaweni ethile emhlabeni ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke. Iningi lamasathelayithi ezokuxhumana asetshenziselwa ukubikezela isimo sezulu yiziphuphutheki ze-geostationary.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi iyini isathelayithi nezimpawu zayo.