Namuhla siza nendatshana ye-geology odinga ukuyazi ngoba sizokhuluma nge-a uhlobo lwedwala sedimentary esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke. Imayelana ne- itshe lesihlabathi. Kuyidwala elenziwe izingcezu ze-quartz, i-feldspars ne-mica, phakathi kwamanye amadwala namaminerali alingana nesihlabathi. Yilapho igama livela khona. Leli dwala lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqiniseni futhi livame kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi.
Sizokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izici zetshe le-sandstone nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko.
Izici eziyinhloko
Izinhlayiya zamaminerali ezinqwabelana kuleli dwala kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakheka kwayo zibizwa ngama-clast. Ukuze leli dwala lentengantenga lakhiwe, lawa amaminerali ahlanganisiwe futhi aqoqwe ngomphumela womoya noma wamanzi. Lapho nje bexhumana, zihlangana ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yomphumela wengcindezi efakwa amadiphozithi kulawa amaminerali.
Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-silica, i-calcium, i-carbonate noma ubumba ziyabandakanyeka ekuqiniseni leli dwala. Singathola izikhala ezingenalutho lapho sithatha itshe le-sandstone lapho usimende ungangeni khona. Lezi zikhala zinikeza itshe leshlabathi ukubukeka okunesibindi. Ama-pores avumela ukuhamba kwamanzi nolunye uketshezi ngalo.
Leli dwala linombala ohlukahluka ezintweni ezenziwe njengesamente.. Singathola amatshe esanti anombala obomvu, onsundu ngokubomvu, njll. Lawa yilawo aqoqa ama-oxide ensimbi ekwakhekeni kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singathola amatshe esanti amhlophe, aphuzi noma ampunga ahlanganiswe yi-silica noma i-carbonate.
Ukuba ngelinye lamatshe ajwayelekile futhi achichima emhlabeni, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi kufanele sazi ngakho. Kwakha ama-20% awo wonke amadwala e-sedimentary akhona emhlabeni.
Ukwahlukaniswa kweSandstone
I-sandstone wuhlobo lwedwala elixubile elinosayizi wezinhlamvu oguqukayo. Sihlangana naye ngezinhlamvu ezinhle (0,2mm), okusanhlamvu okuphakathi (0,63 cm) nokusanhlamvu okuluhlaza (2 mm). Iyaziwa njenge-sandstone ngoba yabelana ngezici zayo eziningi nesihlabathi.
Singabona ukuhlukaniswa kwetshe le-sandstone ngokuya ngenani nokugxila kwamatshe namaminerali awakhayo. Kakhulu, bahlukaniswa baba ngamaqembu amakhulu amahlanu:
- Ama-Quartzsandites. Akhiwa nge-quartz njengengxenye eyinhloko yedwala. Kusukela ku-quartz, amanye amaminerali namatshe sekuhlanganiswe.
- AmaCalcarenites. I-calcium carbonate ibusa kubo. Kuyisakhi esiyinhloko.
- Ama-Arcosa. IFeldspar iyisici esichichima kakhulu kuleli cala.
- I-Litoarenitas. Yiyo leyo, ingxenye enkulu yayo, eyakhiwe izingcezwana zamatshe. Esihlabathini se-litho singabona amanye amagama kuya ngemvelaphi yedwala elibumbayo nenani elitholakala ngalo. AmaSedarenites (amadwala asezintabeni), amaVolcarenites (volcanic) kanye namaFilarenites (metamorphic).
- Ama-Grauvacas. Lesi sigaba siqanjwe ngamaphesenti evolumu ku-matrix. Imvamisa iphakathi kuka-5% no-15%.
I-sandstone idiphozi
Ngokuqinisekile uyazibuza ukuthi ungayithola kuphi inqwaba yamatshe esihlabathi. Lezi zimali azikho nzima ukuthola. I-Sandstone ingenye yamadwala ase-sedimentary anokutholakala kakhulu emhlabeni, singayithola ezindaweni ezingenakubalwa. Zingakhula ezintabeni ezisencane ngenxa yokuguguleka okusheshayo futhi nasemazweni lapho zithatha iminyaka ukwakheka khona.
Ezimeni zaleli dwala siyakuthola lokho inekhono lokukhuphukela phansi futhi ibole isihlabathi. Kamuva, ifaka emibhedeni bese iba yisihlabathi futhi. Lo mjikelezo wokubhujiswa kwendalo uyaziphinda ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka.
Kuvamile ukubona inqwaba yamatshe etshebetsheba ebusweni bezilwandle, amachibi nemifula. Ngokuhudulwa kweziduli nezinhlayiya ezihlukile, kanye nengcindezi etholwa ngamanzi, leli dwala lingakhiwa. Yize etsheni le-sandstone lingahlotshaniswa ngqo no-oyela negesi yemvelo, kunabantu abalihlobanisa nalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, yize la ma-hydrocarbon engakheki kuwo, ayakwazi ukweqa ezinhlamvwini ezigcwele amanzi ukuze antante phezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zikawoyela zisebenzisa i-sandstone njengedwala elinemisila ukuthi Kusebenza njengogibe lwamafutha negesi yemvelo ukufudukela ebusweni bamanzi.
ISandstone idla lubi e-United States. Ingatholakala engxenyeni enkulu eMinnesota, eNew York, e-Ohio, e-Illinois, eVirginia naseWisconsin. Iphinde igcwale ochungechungeni lobukhulu obukhulu eSpain, ohlelweni lwe-Iberia nasezindaweni eziseduze ne-granite noma i-gneissic massifs yaseMadrid, iSalamanca, iBadajoz, iZamora ne-Ávila.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko
Njengoba leli dwala lentengantenge lisetshenziswa kaningi, sizogxila kokuyinhloko. Isetshenziswa enkambeni yokwakha njengengxenye ye- izakhiwo kanye umhlobiso. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi namatshe agandayiwe emoyeni ovulekile, ekwakhiweni kwezindonga, izindawo zokuphula ukwanda kanye nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zokulayisha.
Ngokunikezwa kwemibala ehlukahlukene anayo kuye ngaminerali noma idwala elinayo ikakhulu, kusetshenziswa kahle ekwakhiweni kwezindonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwayo okuhle nokuvikela izinto kuyasiza. Ayikwazi ukumelana nomhlabathi, ngakho-ke iyasiza ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokubasa umlilo kanye nokosa inyama kuma-patio nasezivandeni.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezibizwa nge-sandstone ukwenza kuma-chakras eSacral, Spleen naseSolar Plexus. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uma uhamba nayo, ungaqinisa ingokomoya. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi yidwala eliguqula intando, likwenze wakhe umdlandla ongaphakathi futhi likunike amandla uma usubheke ekwenzeni ibhizinisi lakho. Vele, zonke lezi zakhiwo ziyindida ngokwengeziwe.
Embonini yensimbi, itshe le-sandstone lisetshenziselwa ukwenza isikhunta okuthelwa kuso insimbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhiwo zalo zokuphikisa nokuhlangana zenza umsebenzi ube lula. Kungathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukwakha emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ithengiswa isahlakazeka.
Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi lukusiza ukwazi okuningi nge-sandstone.