Impela wake wezwa amalambu asenyakatho futhi ubufuna ukubona lesi simanga semvelo. Lezi izibani ezikhanyayo esibhakabhakeni esivamile esiluhlaza okotshani. Lokho okwenzeka ezindaweni ezibandayo kubizwa ngama-polar auroras. Okulandelayo sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho i-polar aurora kanye nezici zabo.
Uma ufuna ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke uye ezigxotsheni bese ubona ama-auroras amahle kakhulu, vele uqhubeke ufunde le ndatshana.
Izici ze-polar aurora
Lapho ama-aurora asemajukujukwini ebonakala kusukela esigxotsheni esisenyakatho abizwa ngokuthi amalambu asenyakatho futhi lapho ebonakala kusukela eningizimu yezwe ama-auraresas aseningizimu. Izici zombili ziyefana ngoba zivela ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke umlando, amalambu asenyakatho abelokhu ebaluleke kakhulu.
Lezi zimo zemvelo zinikeza umbono onconyiwe wokuzibona kanye empilweni yakho. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukuthi ukubikezela kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi uhambo oluya ezindaweni lapho lwenzeka khona lubiza kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi ukhokha imali enhle ohambweni lokuyobona amalambu asenyakatho avela eGreenland kanti kuvela ukuthi izinsuku ziyahamba kanti abanandawo. Kufanele ujike ungaphethe lutho futhi uzisole ngokungakwazi ukubabona.
Okujwayelekile kakhulu kwala ma-aurora ukuthi umbala oluhlaza yiwo ogcwele kakhulu. Amathoni aphuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, awolintshi, e-violet ngisho abomvu nawo angabonakala. Le mibala ibonakala njengezindawo ezincane zokukhanya lapho ingakha khona ama-arcs amancane ahambisa isibhakabhaka. Umbala ogqamile uluhlaza njalo.
Izindawo lapho zingabonakala khona njalo kuse-Alaska, eGreenland, naseCanada (bheka Izibani zaseNyakatho eNorway). Kodwa-ke, ziyabonakala kwezinye izindawo eziningi eMhlabeni, yize zingajwayelekile. Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho ukubonwa kwayo kubikwe khona ezindaweni eziseduze nenkabazwe.
Kungani i-polar aurora yakha?
Okufunwe ososayensi abaningi eminyakeni edlule ukuthi i-polar aurora yakhiwa kanjani futhi kungani. Kungumphumela wokusebenzisana phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba. Umkhathi weLanga ukhipha uchungechunge lwamagesi esimweni se-plasma esiqukethe izinhlayiya ezisebenza ngogesi. Lezi zinhlayiya zihamba emkhathini zize zifinyelele eMhlabeni ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kanye namandla kazibuthe womhlaba.
Lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama emkhathini bangabukwa besuka esibhakabhakeni. Indlela iLanga elizithumela ngayo lezi zinhlayiya kuyo yonke indawo futhi, ikakhulukazi, eMhlabeni ingumoya welanga. Umoya welanga kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zeplanethi yethu futhi kudale ingozi emhlabeni wonke. Cabanga ukunqanyulwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kukagesi wanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Izinhlayiya ezinamacala kagesi zishayisana nezinhlayiya zegesi kuzibuthe zomhlaba. Siyakhumbula ukuthi iplanethi yethu inamandla kazibuthe adlulisela ingxenye enkulu yemisebe kagesi iye emkhathini. Le magnetosphere yakhiwa amandla akhiqizwa amandla kazibuthe.
Isizathu sokuthi ama-auroras akhe kaningi ezigxotsheni hhayi enkabazwe yingoba amandla kazibuthe aqinile ezigxotsheni kunase-equator. Ngakho-ke, izinhlayiya ezisebenza ngogesi zomoya welanga zihamba ngale migqa eyakha i-magnetosphere. Lapho izinhlayiya zomoya welanga zihlangana namagesi e-magnetosphere, kukhiqizwa amalambu angabonakala kuphela ngokuthambekela okuhlukile kwemisebe yelanga.
Ikhiqizwa kanjani
Ukushayisana okukhiqizwa ngama-electron namagesi e-magnetosphere yikho okwenza ama-proton akhululeke futhi abonakale kakhudlwana futhi la ma-aurora avela. Ngokuvamile angama-auroras amnyama, kodwa njengoba edabula umazibuthe agijimela ezifundeni ezibandayo lapho i-oksijeni ne-nitrogen athomu ezenza zibukeke zikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Ama-athomu nama-molecule athola amandla ama-electron avela emoyeni welanga afinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla awakhipha ngendlela yokukhanya.
I-polar aurora ivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-80 kuye kwangama-500 ukuphakama. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi ukuphakama kwama-aurora kukhiqizwa, okuncane kungabonakala futhi kunemininingwane encane. Ukuphakama okuphezulu lapho kuqoshwe khona i-polar aurora kungamakhilomitha angama-640.
Ngokuqondene nombala, kuncike kakhulu ezinhlokweni zegesi lapho ama-electron eshayisana khona. Ama-athomu e-oksijeni ahlangana nawo yiwo akhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza. Lapho zishayisana nama-athomu enitrogen ibonakala inombala phakathi kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nonsomi. Uma ishayisana nama-athomu e-oxygen kodwa ebangeni elingama-241 kuya kuma-321 km izokhonjiswa ngombala obomvu. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi babe nemibala ehlukene, kepha imvamisa iluhlaza.
Amandla we-polar aurora
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, akuzona izenzakalo ezihlobene nobusuku nobumnyama. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Inkinga ukuthi ngokukhanya kwelanga akubonakali kahle futhi umbukwane wemvelo awuthakazelelwa. Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya nakho kungesinye isici okufanele usicabangele.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi i-polar aurora ihlala ime inganyakazi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ifinyelela phakathi kwamabili, imengamo abayakhayo iqala ukunyakaza ize ibe sesimweni sefu futhi inyamalale lapho kuphuma ilanga.
Uma ufuna ukuzibona, izikhathi nezindawo ezihamba phambili zokubuka ama-aurora we-polar kusebusuku nasezifundeni ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yobusuku bonyaka bangajabulela ama-auroras asezindaweni eziphakeme Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuyobabona, thola ukuthi iyiphi indawo nesikhathi esingcono kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-polar aurora.