El I-Cenozoic ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziningi. Enye yazo yi- I-Paleocene. Ngenye yezikhathi ze-geological ezaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-66 edlule kuya eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-56 edlule. Le nkathi ihlanganisa cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10 futhi itholakala ngemuva kwenqubo edumile yokuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs ngobuningi. Ngalesi sikhathi iplanethi yayikwesinye sezimo ezinobutha kunazo zonke eyake yabhekana naso kuwo wonke umlando wayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yazinza kwaze kwaba yilapho iplanethi isiphenduke indawo ekahle yokuhlala nalapho izitshalo nezilwane eziningi zingaphila khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngePaleocene.
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, le nkathi yokwakheka komhlaba ihlala cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona umsebenzi omkhulu wokuma komhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iplanethi yethu ibisebenza kakhulu ngokubuka komhlaba. Ngalesi sikhathi izwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea lalisahlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Amapuleti ama-tectonic nokunyakaza kwawo ayanda futhi amazwekazi alapho ahambela endaweni anayo namuhla.
Lesi sikhathi sakhanyisela ubuningi bezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi sePaleocene amaqembu amaningi ezilwane angasinda kulokhu kuqothulwa okukhulu okwadala ukunyamalala kwama-dinosaurs. Esikhathini esedlule, bakwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezasala ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo esingajwayelekile futhi bakwazi ukwehlukahlukana, bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Umsebenzi ophakeme wokuma komhlaba wenziwa ukuhamba kwamapuleti etektoni. Ngalesi sikhathi kwaqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwe-Laramide orogeny. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwe-geology ngoba inikeze imiphumela esheshayo ekwakhiweni kwezintaba eziningana ezikhona namuhla eNyakatho Melika naseMexico. Lezi zintaba ziyi Izintaba Ezinamadwala kanye neSierra Madre Oriental.
IGondwana ibingenye yezindawo ezinkulu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ngemuva kwePangea. Le ndawo ehamba phambili nayo yaqhubeka nokuhlukana futhi babevele beyingxenye yalokhu umhlaba omkhulu we-Afrika, iNingizimu Melika, i-Australia ne-Antarctica. Lezi zingcezu zomhlaba ezi-4 ezinkulu zahlakazeka futhi zaqala ukuhamba ngenxa yomphumela wokudonswa kwezwekazi ngezindlela ezihlukile. Yi-Antarctica eya esigxotsheni esiseningizimu yeplanethi lapho izogcina isigcwele iqhwa ngokuphelele. Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesimo esikhona manje kuleli zwekazi, belingeke limbozwe yiqhwa futhi libe yizwekazi njengamanye.
I-Paleocene Geology ne-Climatology
Isuka ezwenikazi i-Afrika, yathuthela ngasenyakatho futhi kamuva yashayisana ne-Eurasia. I-Australia yona, ihambele kancane enyakatho-mpumalanga yize ibihlala njalo eningizimu yezwe lomhlaba. Sesivele sazi ukuthi ukuhamba kwamazwekazi kuncike kumapuleti ama-tectonic kanye ne imibukiso ye-convection yengubo yomhlaba.
Ucezu olumele namuhla iNingizimu Melika lwathuthela enyakatho-ntshonalanga lwaze lwasondela eNyakatho Melika. Njengoba babengahlangene, kwakukhona phakathi kwabo ucezu lwamanzi olwalwaziwa njengezilwandlekazi zasezwenikazi. Phakathi kwethiphu elisempumalanga ye-Asia kanye nethiphu esentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika kwavela ibhuloho lomhlaba elibagcina bexhumekile izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Njengamanje isikhala sihlala olwandle iPacific.
Ngokuqondene nesimo sezulu sePaleocene, lezo zikhathi zokuqala isimo sezulu seplanethi sasibanda futhi somile. Lokhu kudalwe yimibandela eshiywe yisandiso esidala. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, kwaba yisimo sezulu esiswakeme futhi esifudumele ngokwengeziwe.
Isimo samazinga okushisa akhuphukayo
Ngalesi sikhathi kwenzeke umcimbi odale ukuthi amazinga okushisa akhule ngamaphesenti amancane. Lo mcimbi omncane waziwa ngokuthi yi-Paleocene thermal maximum.
Kuyisimo sezulu lapho amazinga okushisa eplanethi akhuphuke ngesilinganiso sama-degree ayi-6. Ukuhlaziya amarekhodi akhona okushisa kweplanethi ngalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukubona ukuthi izinga lokushisa lenyuke kanjani kakhulu nasezigxotsheni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngoba izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezivamile emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo zitholakale e-Arctic Ocean.
Lo mkhuba wamazinga okushisa anyukile nawo waba nemiphumela emzimbeni wamanzi, ethinta izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Lezi zidalwa zithintwe kahle yile nto futhi isibonelo esicacile ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Kwenziwa umzamo wokuchaza izimbangela ezahlukahlukene zokwanda kwaleli zinga lokushisa, umsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo uphakathi kwalabo abathinteke kakhulu. Omunye wemithelela engazelele kakhulu owenkanyezi enomsila ebusweni bomhlaba noma ukukhishwa kwenani elikhulu legesi yemethane emkhathini. Njengoba sazi, igesi le-methane igesi enamandla abamba ukushisa nokugcina ukushisa.
Ekupheleni kwePaleocene isimo sezulu safudumala futhi saba nomswakama.
Izimbali nezilwane zasePaleocene
Ukuqothulwa okukhulu kwabangela izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ukuba zisinde futhi zichume, zahlukahluka, zaze zaba uhlobo olusha oludumile emhlabeni. Ake sihlaziye izimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi kwavela izitshalo eziningi ezisaphikelela nanamuhla njenge amasundu, ama-conifers kanye ne-cacti.
Kunesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi esinomswakama ngokwengeziwe, sithanda izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezigcwele izitshalo ezinamaqabunga neziluhlaza, okwenza lokho namuhla esikwaziyo njengamahlathi namahlathi.
Ngokuphathelene nezilwane, izilwane ezazisinda zazinethuba lokuhlukahluka futhi zanda emhlabeni wonke. Izilwane ezinamazinga aphezulu entuthuko yizinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungenxa yokuthi ngokunyamalala kwama-dinosaurs izidumbu zezilwane eziningi zanyamalala futhi nomncintiswano wezinsiza zemvelo wehla.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zathandwa yizimo zezulu ezazikhona ngalesi sikhathi futhi zazinganwetshwa izakhamizi eziningi. Ngokuqondene nezilwane ezincelisayo, mhlawumbe kwakuyiqembu eliphumelele kakhulu kuzo zonke izilwane zePaleocene.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngePaleocene.