Kuyo yonke iplanethi singazi ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwe-geomorphological kwemvelaphi ehlukile. Ezinye zalezi zakhiwo zinezici ezikhethekile ezenza kube mnandi kakhulu ukwazi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho oshimasi bezinganekwane. Ukwakheka kwenziwa ngedwala elithambile imvelaphi yalo iyisisekelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini ama-chimneys wenganekwane nokuthi yiziphi izici zawo eziyinhloko.
Yini ama-chimneys wenganekwane
Ziyizakhiwo ze-geomorphological ezenziwe ngedwala elithambile lemvelaphi yedwala. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni ezinjengezingwadule, izindawo ezomile, izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesifudumele futhi zinosayizi oguquguqukayo kakhulu. Futhi ngukuthi kunezinganekwane zeshimoni ezingakwazi ukulinganisa kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuye ekuphakameni kwesakhiwo esinezitezi eziyi-10. Konke kuncike kumaminerali nasemadwaleni afakwe kuwo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamatshe namaminerali ezingabekwa kule chimney futhi ezenza zihluke ngombala.
Phakathi koshimula bezinganekwane abadume kakhulu emhlabeni kukhona oshimula bezinganekwane baseCappadocia, eTurkey nalabo baseBryce Canyon National Park (e-Utah, e-United States). Zonke zidume kakhulu ngenxa yomumo wazo oyingqayizivele. Futhi kungukuthi kuwo wonke umlando lezi zingxenye zemvelo bezingumthombo wezinganekwane eziningi nezinkolelo-ze. Emasikweni asendulo lamakholomu kwakucatshangwa ukuthi anencazelo engaphezu kokwakheka okulula kokuma komhlaba.
Izinganekwane nezinkolelo-ze
Enye yoshimula bezinganekwane ezinenganekwane ethokozisayo yileyo etholakala eCappadocia. Lokhu kusitshela inganekwane lapho lesi sifunda sasihlala khona amadoda nabesifazane, yingakho negama laso. Inganekwane ithi ngo zombili lezi zinhlobo, izinyunyana ezixubekile zazingavunyelwe. Lokhu kwakungumthetho owawungahlonishwa kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi bawo. Indoda eyodwa nangosuku olulodwa bathandana kakhulu kangangokuthi abakwazanga ukuyeka imizwa yabo noma ukuyifihla. Ngakho-ke, indlovukazi yendlovukazi yanquma ukwamukela isisombululo esinamandla. Isixazululo bekuwukuguqula bonke omabhebhana abathandana babe amajuba. Le yindlela engisusa ngayo emadodeni amandla okuwabona ingunaphakade. Ukuphela kwethemba elalisele kumuntu kwakuwukuhlala namajuba ngendlela yokunakekela idlozi lakhe.
ESpain singathola oshimula bezinganekwane esiGodini sase-Ebro, ikakhulukazi endaweni yesifunda sase-Aragonese eCinco Villas. Kukhona futhi nabo esifundeni sase-Aragonese i-Alto Gállego, endaweni ebizwa ngegama leSeñoritas de Arás; esifundeni saseCampo de Daroca, eBiescas; nasogwadule lweBárdenas Reales, eCastildetierra.
Ukuze sazi ushimula wenganekwane kufanele sihlaziye ukuhamba okude, kepha kufanelekile ukufika kukho. Abantu abaningi bayahamba izintaba futhi basebenzise ithuba lokuchitha usuku lonke bezungezwe imvelo nasendaweni eseduze nalezi zakhiwo ezidumile zokwakheka komhlaba.
Umsuka woshimula wenganekwane
I-Geology yisayensi engabhekele nje kuphela ukutadisha okwedlule nokwakheka komhlaba okwenzeka kwezinye izikhathi, kepha futhi ifunda ngezenzakalo ezenzeka namuhla futhi eziqhubeka nokusungula nokuguqula ukukhululeka usuku nosuku. Imvula ingelinye lama-ejenti amakhulu aphethe ukuguqula isimo sendawo. Imvula iyakwazi ukudala ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo okuguqula ukwakheka komhlaba njengoba sazi. Iqiniso lokuthi ukwakheka komhlaba kuyashintsha futhi kuguguleke kusho ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezihlukile zokwakheka komhlaba zingavela.
Oshimula bezinganekwane bakhiwa ngokuhlangana kwamaconsi amaningi emvula akha ukugeleza njalo kwamanzi. Lokhu kugeleza njalo kwamanzi kugcinwa isikhathi esifushane. Lapho imifula emincane yakha ngenxa yokugeleza komphezulu, yehlela kuwo wonke umthambeka futhi ihlale imisele kuwo. Lezi zindawo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-gullies. Ngokuvumelana ne ukuphinyiselwa kwamachibi kanye nohlobo lwendawo kanye nomthambeka kungadala ushimula wenganekwane.
Ukuze kubunjwe oshimula bezinganekwane, kudingeka inhlabathi ethambile, lawo manzi aphuma phezulu akha amadamu ajulile nokuthi lokhu kugijima kugcinwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kaningi. Kumele kuthiwe lezi zinhlobo zobunye zenzeka kaningi ezintweni ezingahambelani. Ukuze ube nokunemba okukhulu lapho ungakha khona iziko lezinganekwane, kufanele uye ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi futhi ezivikelwe phezulu ngamatshe aqine kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, kutholakala ukuthi amanzi aguguleka engxenyeni engezansi yomhlaba hhayi engxenyeni engenhla.
Amanzi agijimayo anesibopho sokuhudula izinto ezisuka ezinhlangothini futhi ngenxa yalokho, kukhiqizwa ubujamo be-cylindrical obukhulayo. Lezi zinhlobo ze-geomorphological zigcina zifana noshimula bamaSeguvian pegueras. Uma sihlaziya ngezinga elincane siyabona ukuthi le morphology imvamisa ingamasentimitha ambalwa nje. Imvamisa, amatshe amancane e-quartzite atholakala ngaphezulu koshimula bezinganekwane. I-Quartzite iyiminerali eqinile impela. Lokhu kudala ukuthi sigugule phezulu futhi kungakha ushimula wetende.
Akugcini nje ukuthi imvula ineqhaza elibalulekile emsukeni woshimula wenganekwane. Umoya ubuye ube yi-ejenti ekhukhulayo esebenza ngezinga elikhulu kulezi zakhiwo ze-geomorphological. Sizohlaziya izakhiwo ezikhetheke kakhulu ezinamamitha amaningana ubude futhi ezinamathoni ahlukene edwaleni. Lezi zakhiwo zingumkhiqizo wezinto ezahlukahlukene ezifakwe edwaleni ngesikhathi sokuguguleka. Ngamanye amagama, njengoba inhlabathi yayidalwa ngenxa yokufakwa kwenhlabathi, umoya wawubaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lezi zakhiwo zinomlando othakazelisayo ngemuva kwazo kanye nomsuka oyingqayizivele. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamashimula wenganekwane.