Yini emaphakathi ne-Milky Way

Siyazi ukuthi i-Milky Way ingumthala wethu nokuthi iyiqoqo lezigidigidi zezinkanyezi ezizungeza okuthile. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bezibuza okuphakathi nendawo yobisi. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuze sazi okwengeziwe ngendawo yonke kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yini ephakathi nendawo ye-Milky Way nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.

Yini emaphakathi ne-Milky Way

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-1918 lapho kwaqala khona ukulinganiselwa ukuthi indawo enkabeni yomthala wethu yayikuphi. Ngo-XNUMX, U-Harlow Shapley wamnikeza indawo okungenzeka ukuthi wayeyiyo ngenkathi ifunda ukusatshalaliswa kweqoqo leglobula, elitholakala kuma-equatorial coordinates AR 17 h 45 m 40,04 s, Dec -29° 00′ 28,1″ (Julian Era J2000) noma iyiphi ngokwayo ecishe ibe ngu-50.000 icishe ibe yi-15.000 ukusuka emhlabeni. Lokhu kwabuye kwabuyekezwa, ikakhulukazi eNgqungqutheleni ye-XIX ye-International Astronomical Union, eyanquma ukuthi inkaba yoMfula iMilky Way inama-parsecs angu-8.500 ukusuka eLangeni, nakuba leli banga lingase libe yilo elikhonjiswe ucwaningo kamuva (ngoba ubuchwepheshe bubuye buvumele ukubonwa okunembe kakhudlwana), cishe ama-parsecs angu-7.900 (+-300). Kukhona neseshini yesikhathi ye-UTC esungulwe phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Kwesinye isikhathi siyaphawula lapha ukuthi uthuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi lungenye yezinto ezenza kube nzima ukubhekwa emkhathini. Lokhu kushiye abantu abaningi bedidekile mayelana nenkanyezi "engaqondakali" ye-Tabby, kodwa ngokufika kwe-high-frequency gamma-ray, i-infrared ne-X-ray observatories nokunye, kungenzeka ukuqonda kangcono naphezu kothuli.

Ngo-2002, kwaba yilawa ma-X-ray aveza (noma kunalokho athola) ukuthi yini eyayimaphakathi ne-Milky Way, ngenxa yokwaziswa okwabuyiselwa u-Chandra osemusha okwakubonakala kuqinisekisa lokho okwase kuyisikhathi eside kusolwa ukuthi umgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu. . . Eqinisweni, isihluthulelo sale misebe, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukungena kulelifu eliwumoya, siwuphawu lokugcina lwento ngaphambi kokuba lugwinywe umgodi omnyama.

Lo mgodi omkhulu omnyama kamuva wamukelwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nezindawo zokubheka izinto, njenge-European Southern Observatory (ESO, eChile), eyavumela ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi zaseJalimane ukuba lilandele ukunyakaza kwezinkanyezi ezingu-28 ezizungeza indawo emaphakathi ye-Milky Way...ikakhulukazi. cishe emigodini emnyama enzima ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyizigidi ezine kunelanga, okuyinto kunezela ukubaluleka okwengeziwe emcabangweni wokuthi kwakhiwe imithala ewuzungezile. Kodwa njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, kuleli sonto nje kukhona okushintshile. Kuvele ukuthi akukhona eyodwa kuphela, kodwa kuze kufike emigodini emnyama eyishumi nambili enkabeni yeMilky Way, ngokusho kweReuters, ngokusho kwesazi sezinkanyezi u-Chuck Haley nethimba lakhe emsebenzini wabo.

U-Chandra uphinde wathola iqoqo lemigodi emincane kanambambili emnyama ezungeza i-Sagittarius A* maphakathi nomthala wethu, ulinganisela ukuthi kunezimbobo ezimnyama ezingafika kwezingu-10.000 sezizonke ezizungeze i-Sagittarius A*. I-Sagittarius A* iwumthombo obaluleke kakhulu, irediyasi ehlangene kakhulu futhi ekhanyayo enkabeni yomthala wethu, noma okufanayo, umgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu, othola igama lawo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo seSagittarius A (esibanzi).

Sinjani isikhungo seMilky Way?

Njengoba sibonile lapho sikhuluma ngezindawo zamanje zokubuka umkhathi, imishini yalesi sibonakude ingathwebula amagagasi ahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, ngenxa yezithombe ze-infrared, izazi zezinkanyezi zakwazi ukutadisha ukunyakaza kwenkanyezi kuleyo ndawo, okusiza ukuqonda ukuthi iqoqo lakhiwa kanjani, kanye nesisindo kanye nesakhiwo sayo. Ngo-2018, u-Chandra kanye ne-ESO banike amandla ukuvakasha kokubuka okungu-360-degree enkabeni ye-Milky Way. Ukubuka kwavumela abacwaningi ukuba baqonde ukuba khona kwama-X-ray abonwe ngaphambilini kudiski cishe iminyaka engu-0,6 yokukhanya ngaphandle kweSagittarius A*, okuphetha ngokuthi nakuba yaphela cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, isalokhu ithinta izindawo ezizungezile.

Ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi "lapenda" le ndawo okungenzeka ibe yincithakalo emasontweni ambalwa edlule. UChris Packham, uprofesa wefiziksi nezinkanyezi eNyuvesi yaseTexas, kanye noPat Roche, uprofesa wesayensi yezinkanyezi eNyuvesi yase-Oxford, baqondise imephu enesinqumo esiphezulu semigqa kazibuthe ethathwe ku-Sagittarius A*.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kumakhamera we-infrared weGran Telescopio de Canarias (eLa Palma, eSpain), njengoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lemisebe iyakwazi ukudlula efwini lothuli phakathi koMhlaba kanye ne-galactic nucleus. Kulokhu, baphinde bazuze emishinini yekhamera, ekwazi ukuhlunga ukukhanya kwe-polarized maqondana nezindawo kazibuthe, ikwazi ukulandelela imigqa yabo ngezinga lemininingwane engakafinyelelwa kuze kube manje.

Imiphumela yezifundo zokuthi yini emaphakathi ne-Milky Way

Umphumela: uhlobo lobusuku obunenkanyezi kaVan Gogh, kodwa usibonisa izinkanyezi ezithile lokho zikhipha imisebe ye-infrared eminingi, ebambene phakathi kwale migqa yenkundla, kanye nendawo yalowo mgodi omnyama omkhulukazi.

Lesi isithombe esibukhali kakhulu se-infrared esake satholwa sesikhungo se-galactic, futhi okokuqala ngqa ukuthi imigqa yakazibuthe ziye zabonakala ngokuningiliziwe ebangeni leminyaka engu-25.000 yokukhanya. Njengoba lezi zinto zivame ukwenzeka, leli iwindi lokufunda kabanzi mayelana nenkundla kanye nemvelo yezimo zasemkhathini.

Ulwazi abalukhipha lapho bedala le mephu luzungeza indlela uthuli oluziphatha ngayo ngokuphathelene nezinkambu kazibuthe nomoya wezinkanyezi ezinamandla, kanye nokuthi enye inkambu kazibuthe (encane) ekhona eduze nendawo emaphakathi izosebenza. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni kwegesi nothuli ezungeze izimbobo ezimnyama kakhulu.

Ubuhle bakho konke lokhu, ngale kwezithombe noma amamephu angadalwa, ukuthi, ngenkathi ephendula umbuzo, umuntu aphinde alwe nomgodi ukuze aphume kuwo. Lapho i-spectrum ebonakalayo inganele ukuhleba ngezifunda ezithile, ezinye izibuko zenziwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yini esizungezile futhi kancane kancane zikhomba umsuka wayo yonke into.

Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini emaphakathi ne-Milky Way.