Isikhathi esikuso namuhla saziwa njenge Holocene. Lesi yisikhathi sokugcina esakha i- Isikhathi seCenozoic futhi lokho kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyi-12.000 edlule. Kulesi sikhathi kunakho konke ukuthuthukiswa kwesintu kusukela emasikweni okufuduka kuze kube namuhla. Sonke lesi sikhathi izilwane zenze ushintsho olukhulu ezingeni lomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, sizohlaziya izilwane ze-Holocene.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuvela kwefayela le- Izilwane ze-Holocene.
Umongo jikelele
Ukuze sichaze izilwane ze-Holocene kufanele sethule umongo esizithola sikuso namuhla. Sonke lesi sikhathi sikwazile ukubona ukukhula komuntu, okubandakanya zonke izigaba zesintu selokhu kwasungulwa amaqembu okuqala omphakathi nempucuko, ukuthuthukiswa kokubhala, uhambo lokuhlola kanye nentuthuko enkulu yamasiko. nezifundiswa.
Kusukela umuntu abe ngumhambuma kuze kube namuhla kube nokuvela okuningi. Njengoba bekulindelekile isidalwa esingumuntu siyisiqeshana sokhiye esenzakalweni esinezilwane ze-Holocene. Izilwane zenze izinguquko ezahlukahlukene ezithonywe abantu kanye nokujwayela obekufanele bakwenze. Futhi ukuthi isimo njengoba sazi siguqulwe kaningi ngokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nabantu.
Izikhala zemvelo ziya ziba mbalwa futhi ukungcola kuyingxenye yalesi simiso semvelo. Izilwane nezitshalo kudingeke ukuthi zivumelane nezimo ezahlukahlukene esikhathini esifushane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokuba khona komuntu, kwaba nezinguquko ezimibalabala nasezilwaneni emhlabeni wonke kodwa zazinesikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezavela futhi ezizohambisana nezindawo ezintsha kungadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sibona namhlanje, umuntu uyishintshile yonke le mbono. Izinhlobo kufanele zivumelane nezikhathi zamakhulu eminyaka nangaphansi nangaphansi.
Izilwane zeHolocene zibhekane nokuqothulwa okukhulu lapho kungabonwa khona inqubo eqhubekayo. Hhayi izilwane kuphela kodwa nezimbali zibhekene nokuqothulwa komhlaba wonke okubangelwa isenzo sabantu. Ochwepheshe abaningi babhale le nqubo yokuqothulwa njengede kunazo zonke emlandweni womhlaba ngalesi sikhathi esishiwo ngenhla. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izimbangela zalokhu kushabalala akuzona izinguquko ezicini zemvelo kepha isenzo somuntu.
Umongo esizithola sikuwo ku-Holocene uyisikhathi sobuhlanga. Le nkathi iqale ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqala okukhulu futhi kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu kuvele enye inkathi yeqhwa.
Izilwane ze-Holocene
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izilwane azikahluka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi kepha kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezinguquko eziningi. Zonke izinhlobo ezikwazi ukuzinakekela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azikaze zenze ushintsho olubonakalayo noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lezo zinhlobo esezikhulisiwe futhi zandiswa isikhathi eside yilezo ezikwazile ukusinda kulokhu kushabalala kwezinhlobo zomhlaba nezasolwandle. Isenzo sabantu nesifiso sabo sokunqoba iplanethi yikho okubeka engcupheni izilwane nezitshalo.
Sizoklelisa lezo zilwane ezazikhona ku-Holocene yakuqala futhi esevele zanyamalala:
- omkhulukazi: zinguhlobo olufana ncamashi nezindlovu esinazo namuhla futhi zingabomndeni owodwa. Isici saso esiyinhloko kwakuwukuba nesiqu esinezinhlangothi ezaziveza amazinyo amakhulu. Umzimba ubumbozwe yizinwele kwazise bekuwukuzijwayeza ukukwazi ukuphila emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ubukhulu be-mammoth bebuhlukahluka futhi izinsalela zezinhlobo ezithile ezinkulu kunezindlovu zamanje ziqoqiwe. Kunezinye izinhlobo ezincane ngosayizi futhi zabizwa ngezinhlobo zemammoth ezincane.
- UDodo: kwakuyinhlobo yezinyoni ezikhona eMauritius. Zazincane kakhulu ngosayizi futhi zazinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-12 kilos. Ingafinyelela imitha ukuphakama yize ibingenawo amandla okundiza. Ukubukeka komzimba wakhe bekuyizidlakela impela. Abanye ochwepheshe bale nyoni bayiqamba njengesibonelo esifanekisayo sokuqothulwa kohlobo oluthile ngumuntu. Futhi ukuthi lolu hlobo lukwazile ukuhlala endaweni yalo futhi lwakhula kahle kwaze kwaba yilapho umuntu efika kulesi siqhingi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngemuva kokufika kwabantu endaweni yabo, abantu babo bancipha kakhulu kwaze kwaba yilapho beshabalala.
- UMoa: kungenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezijwayele noma eNew Zealand kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi nanhlanu. Kulapha lapho kwaphela khona ngenxa yomuntu. Ngokubukeka kwayo yayicishe ifane nentshe. Ingakala ifike kumamitha ama-3 nohhafu bese inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-275 kilos Njengoba bekulindelekile, umuntu waqala ukuzingela lolu hlobo ukuze aludle. Ukuhlasela kwabazingeli bamaMaori endaweni yabo yemvelo kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo.
Izilwane ze-Holocene ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Njengamanje kunomgwamanda wamazwe omhlaba ophethe ukuhlola izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngokwezinga lokusongela kwazo nokuthi zingaphela yini. Lesi sidalwa saziwa ngokuthi inyunyana yamazwe omhlaba yokongiwa kwemvelo (IUCN). Lo mzimba usungule izigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngokuncipha kwabantu kanye nomphumela wezinto eziphilayo. Singathola imikhakha kusuka engcupheni, ingozi yokuqothulwa, ingozi ebucayi yokuqothulwa, ukuqothulwa endle, ukuqothulwa, hhayi ukusongelwa, kokukhathazeka okuncane futhi ngaphandle kwemininingwane eyanele.
Njengamanje sizoklelisa ezinye zezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eseduze futhi ezaziwa kakhulu:
- I-lynx yase-Iberia
- Ikamela lasendle
- I-Orangutan
- Inhlwathi yase-Asiatic
- Inqe elikhokhelwe izithunywa
- I-albatross ebrown emnyama
- Isivumelwano noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-tiger-tailed seahorse
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zingezilwane eziHolocene futhi zisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa. Injalo inqubo yayo yokuqothulwa kancane kancane ukuthi ukumenyezelwa okukhulu kwesithupha kumenyezelwa. Okuthusa kakhulu ukuthi lesi sikhathi sesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane ezisuke seziphelile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zeHolocene.