Isikhathi se- Mesozoic iqukethe izikhathi ezintathu lapho ama-dinosaurs asakazeka khona futhi aqothulwa. Lezi zikhathi ezintathu yilezi: I-Triassic, I-Jurassic y Okuhle kakhulu. Esikhathini ngasinye kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezilwane nama-dinosaurs, ikakhulukazi i- Izilwane ze-Jurassic. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kwezilwane zaseCretaceous.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngokwandiswa kwama-dinosaurs kanye ne Nezilwane Cretaceous, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Nezilwane Cretaceous
Kuyo yonke iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-79 leso sikhathi saqhubeka kanye nezikhathi ezimbili eyayinazo, izilwane zaseCretaceous zaziphethwe ikakhulu ama-dinosaurs. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-dinosaurs asolwandle nawasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nazo ziyasakazeka. Izilwane ezincelisayo kule nkathi zazakha iqembu elincane kodwa zaqala ukwanda esikhathini esilandelayo.
Sizohlaziya ngazinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezavela ngesikhathi seCretaceous.
Ezingenamgogodla
Kuwo wonke ama-invertebrate athuthukile, ikakhulukazi kwimvelo yasolwandle, singabala ama-mollusk. Phakathi kwama-mollusk, ama-ammonoid ayengama-cephalopods abonakala. Amanye ama-invertebrate asakazekile ama-coleoid nama-nautiloid.
I-phylum yama-echinoderms yanda phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphakathi kwale phylum siqokomisa ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze- i-starfish, ama-echinoids, nama-ophiuroids. Lonke lolu lwazi luqoqwe ngenxa yemithombo yamathambo eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-amber deposits. Lawa masayithi aqukethe imininingwane enhle ngama-arthropods. Kukwazile ukuthola izibonelo zezicabucabu, ojekamanzi, izinyosi, iminyovu, izimvemvane, izintuthwane, izintethe, phakathi kwabanye.
Ama-Vertebrates
Ama-Vertebrate nawo abe nokwanda okukhulu ngesikhathi seCretaceous. Abavelele kakhulu kuleli qembu kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo. Eqenjini lezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-dinosaurs avelele kakhulu endaweni ejwayelekile yasemhlabeni nasendaweni yasolwandle. Lezi dinosaurs zazihlala nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle nezinhlanzi.
Ezimweni zemvelo yasemhlabeni iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo laqala ukukhula kancane. Ukwehlukahlukana kwawo kwaqala ngezinhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo ezazivela endaweni yasolwandle. Kwenzeka okufanayo neqembu lezinyoni.
Ukubaluleka kwama-dinosaurs ezilwaneni eziCretaceous
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ama-dinosaurs akha ingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane zaseCretaceous. Futhi kungalesi sikhathi, ithathwa njengonyaka wegolide wama-dinosaurs, Kokubili ama-dinosaurs wenyoka nezidlayo ezisemhlabeni athuthukiswa kanye nalawo asolwandle. Sizohlaziya ngasinye sazo.
Ama-dinosaurs omhlaba
Kwakuyiqembu elihluke kakhulu phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi. Bahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokususelwa ekudleni kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sasinama-dinosaurs adla kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-herbivores.
Izibankwakazi Herbivorous
Babaziwa futhi ngegama lama-ornithopods. Leli qembu lama-dinosaurs lalinokudla okuqukethe izitshalo kuphela. Kuleli qembu sithola izinhlobo ezivelele njenge:
- Ama-AnkylosaursLa ma-dinosaurs ayemakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-7 nokuphakama cishe kwamamitha amabili. Isisindo esijwayelekile salezi zinhlobo kwakungamathani ayi-2. Ukuze uzivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, umzimba wayo wawumbozwa noma amapuleti amathambo ayesebenza njengesihlava. Lonke lolu lwazi lutholakele ngenxa yemivubukulo etholakale lapho bekubonakala khona ukuthi amalungu angaphambili abemfishane kunalawa angemuva. Ikhanda lalo lalifana nonxantathu, njengoba ububanzi balo babudlula ubude.
- AmaHadrosaurs: Lezi dinosaurs zaziwa nangokuthi amadada. Futhi babenosayizi omkhulu ophakathi kwamamitha angaba ngu-4 no-15 ubude. Bangaba nenani elikhulu lamazinyo okuzokwazi ukugaya utshani kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsalela zitholakale ngomhlathi wamazinyo afinyelela ku-2000 ahlelwe ngemigqa kanti wonke ayeluhlobo lwe-molar. Umsila wawude impela futhi uyisicaba. Inhloso enkulu yalomsila kwakuwukugcina ibhalansi lapho ihamba ngemilenze emibili ukuze ibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye.
- Ama-Pachycephalosaurs: Kwakungamadayinaso amakhulu isici sawo esiyinhloko kwakuwukuthambekela kwamathambo okwakufana nokuthi kuyisigqoko sokuzivikela. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu kwakungowokuvikela. Kwezinye izibonelo, i-bulge ingafinyelela ukushuba kwamasentimitha angama-25. Kwakuwuhlobo lwe-dinosaur eyi-bipedal futhi yayingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ama-5 nesisindo samathani ama-2, cishe.
- AmaCeratopsids: la ma-dinosaurs ayephindwe kane. Babenezimpondo engxenyeni yobuso. Futhi babenokwandiswa ngemuva kwekhanda okwakudlulela entanyeni. Babenamamitha aphakeme afinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 futhi bafinyelela isiboshwa esifinyelela kumathani ayi-12.
Izibankwakazi ezidla inyama
Izidlakudla zifaka phakathi iqembu lama-theropods. Zingama-dinosaurs ezidla ngokuba makhulu futhi amele izidumbu ezivelele. Iningi lazo lalikhulu ngosayizi elinemilenze ekhule kakhulu futhi eqinile. Ayengamabhiphu futhi isici sawo esiyinhloko ukuthi ayenamabili abheke phambili nelilodwa emuva.
Kuleli qembu lama-dinosaurs adlayo kungenzeka i-Tyrannosaurus Rex eyaziwa kakhulu.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezindizayo
Ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo ezaziwa kakhulu ngamaPterosaurs. Yize abaningi befaka lezi zilwane eqenjini lama-dinosaurs, akunjalo. Lezi zilwane kwakuyizilwane ezinomgogodla zokuqala ezingathola amandla okundiza. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 wamaphiko.
Ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle
Elinye iqembu elathuthuka kakhulu kwizilwane zaseCretaceous kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle. Imvamisa zazimakhulu phakathi kwamamitha ayi-12 no-17 ubude. Abaziwa kakhulu kwakungama-mosasaurs nama-elasmosaurids. Ama-Elasmosaurids ayenezici ezithile ezisemqoka lapho ayegqame khona ngokuba nentamo ende njengoba ayenenani elikhulu lama-vertebrae. Bazondla kakhulu ngezinhlanzi nangama-mollusk.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-mosasaurs ayeyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezazivumelaniswe nempilo yasolwandle. Babenomsila omude nomphetho oqondile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zeCretaceous.