I-cryosphere

Kwezinye izindatshana esikhulume ngazo izingqimba zomkhathi, umkhakha olungele, imvelo nobuhlobo bayo ne isakhiwo somhlaba. Kulokhu sizokhuluma ngenye indawo yomhlaba wethu ebizwa ngososayensi njenge mkhululi. I-cryosphere ibhekisa kuzo zonke izindawo ezibandisiwe eMhlabeni lapho kunamanzi kuphela ngesimo seqhwa eliqinile noma iqhwa. Igama livela egameni lesiGrikhi "kryos" elisho ukubanda. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-cryosphere iyingxenye ye-hydrosphere lapho amanzi ahlala emile ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi.

Ungathanda ukwazi konke mayelana ne-cryosphere nokubaluleka kwayo kuneplanethi yethu nokuthuthukiswa kwempilo? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂

Izindawo lapho i-cryosphere ikhona

Izindawo ezibandayo zeplanethi yethu Zithonya kakhulu isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakha indawo yezitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu abazivumelanise namazinga okushisa nezimo zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le ndawo efriziwe iyanda ngokunwebeka phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. Izindawo ze-cryosphere zonyaka yilezo lapho iqhwa liwela khona nomhlabathi, imifula namachibi kuba yiqhwa.

Ngokugcwele itholakala kuphela ezigxotsheni. Kodwa-ke, iqhwa elingapheli neqhwa kutholakala kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Kusukela nge-Arctic, eNyakatho Pole kuneqhwa elikhulu elingapheli elaziwa ngokuthi i-Arctic Ocean. Yilapho iqhwa lolwandle likhula futhi likhule phakathi nobusika. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sehlobo, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, le ndawo inezinkontileka neqhwa lincane kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi sine-Antarctica. Kutholakala eSouth Pole of the Earth, yizwekazi eliqhwa elihamba phambili. Akuyona nje inqwaba yeqhwa, kodwa futhi ineshalofu lasezwenikazi. Futhi zinezindawo zeqhwa elintantayo futhi zisakazekele olwandle. Ama-Icebergs akha kulezi zindawo.

Phakathi kwezigxobo zomhlaba kukhona ne-cryosphere. Yizindawo eziphakeme kakhulu lapho kuhlala khona iqhwa neqhwa unyaka wonke. Izibonelo zalokhu iqhwa le- Intaba iKilimanjaro e-Afrika, iqhwa ezintabeni zase-United States, enyakatho yeCanada, eChina naseRussia.

Izingxenye nezingxenye ze-cryosphere

Isithwathwa neqhwa yizinto eziyinhloko kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Kungaba yiqhwa lasolwandle, izinguzunga zeqhwa, amashalofu eqhwa, inhlabathi efriziwe (i-permafrost), kanye ne-icebergs. Iqhwa yizulu ngesimo samakristalu eqhwa awela phansi lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi namazinga omswakama ephezulu. Bahlangana bakha lolu hlobo lwemvula.

Phakathi kwezici nokubaluleka kweqhwa esikutholayo:

Ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nase-Equator ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

• Kubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi kuthinta isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu.
• Inikeza indawo yokuhlala izilwane nezitshalo eziningi.
• Iphakela abantu, izitshalo nezilwane umhlaba wonke.
• Ngokuvamile, kuyisici esibalulekile sezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqhwa livela lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwamakhaza. Yilapho-ke lapho amanzi awuketshezi ephenduka isimo esiqinile futhi enza isisindo esihlanganiswe kahle. Iqhwa liyinto ebalulekile ezindaweni ezinezinguzunga zeqhwa, izinguzunga zeqhwa, nomhlabathi ofriziwe.

Izici eziyinhloko zeqhwa zingafingqwa ngokuthi:

• Itholakala emhlabeni wonke, kepha yakhiwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme, ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, noma ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu.
• Iqhwa kungenzeka lingavamile olwandle, emachibini nasemifuleni uma isimo sezulu sishintsha futhi namazinga okushisa efudumele. Noma kunjalo, kunamachibi nezilwandle lapho iqhwa lijiya khona kangangokuba kudingeka imikhumbi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi imikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa ukuze idlule kuyo.
• Inikeza abantu, izilwane nezitshalo amanzi.
• Ivumela ukutadisha kokuvela kwesimo sezulu koMhlaba.

Iqhwa lasolwandle nezinguzunga zeqhwa

Iqhwa lasolwandle noma izintaba zeqhwa lapho amanzi olwandle epholile njalo ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-zero. Iningi laleli qhwa lolwandle lakhiwa olwandle emapalini.

Naphezu kokucatshangwayo maqondana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuncibilika kwalolu hlobo lweqhwa akukhuphuli izinga lolwandle. La manzi ayingxenye yamanzi olwandle uqobo. Lezi zingqimba zeqhwa zihlobene eduze nesimo sezulu seMhlaba wonke. Badlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasemasikweni abantu bomdabu basezigxotsheni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane eziningi zidinga iqhwa ukuze ziphile. Bona ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe, izimvu zamanzi nezinye izilwane zase-Arctic. Ekugcineni, kungashiwo ukuthi iqhwa lolwandle libalulekile esifundweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuhambela izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, sihlangabezana nezinye izingqimba zeqhwa ezibizwa izinguzunga zeqhwa. Lezi zinguzunga zeqhwa yizinqwaba zeqhwa eliqongelela ezweni kusuka ezikhathini eziningi zeqhwa. Noma kungabonakali, ikhava i-10% yomhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ziya ngokuya zincipha.

Futhi zingumthombo omuhle wamanzi kubantu abahlala eduze kwabo. Babeka inani elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile alungiselelwe ukulenza liphuze.

Ama-icebergs kanye neqhwa

Ama-icebergs izingcezu ezinkulu zeqhwa eziqhekeza izinguzunga zeqhwa bese zintanta olwandle. Lezi zinguzunga zeqhwa nazo zibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokungafani neqhwa lasolwandle, ukuncibilika kweqhwa kukhuphula amazinga olwandle. Banikela ngendawo yokukhosela, i-crustacean encane ewumthombo obalulekile wokudla kwamaphengwini, izimvu zamanzi, imikhomo nezinyoni zasolwandle.

Zisetshenziswa futhi njengesifundo sososayensi abafuna ukwazi amandla oMhlaba ne-paleoclimate.

I-Permafrost noma inhlabathi efriziwe yindawo yomhlaba efriziwe ngokuphelele ngamanzi aqinile. Phakathi kwezici zayo sithola ukuthi ungqimba olusebenzayo lelo iyakwazi ukugcina amagesi abamba ukushisa njengekhabhoni ne-methane. Ososayensi bacwaninga ukuthi la magesi azosithinta kanjani isimo sezulu njengoba amazinga okushisa afudumele ne-permafrost incibilika.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngale ndatshana ungazi okuthile okwengeziwe ngeplanethi yethu nange-cryosphere.