Umkhathi womhlaba uhlukaniswe waba izingqimba ezihlukene, ngasinye sinokwakheka nokusebenza okuhlukile. Ake sigxile ku- mesosphere. I-mesosphere ungqimba lwesithathu lomkhathi womhlaba, olungaphezulu kwe-stratosphere nangaphansi kwe-thermosphere.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini i-mesosphere, yini ukubaluleka kwayo, ukwakheka nezici zayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-mesosphere isuka cishe kumakhilomitha angama-50 iye kumakhilomitha angama-85 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ungamakhilomitha angama-35 ubukhulu. Ukushisa kwesendlalelo esiphakathi kuya kubanda njengoba ibanga lomhlaba landa, okungukuthi, ukuphakama kuyanda. Kwezinye izindawo ezifudumele, izinga lokushisa kwalo lingafinyelela ku -5 degrees Celsius, kodwa kokunye ukuphakama izinga lokushisa lizokwehla liye ku -140 degrees Celsius.
Ubuningi bamagesi ku-mesosphere buphansi, akhiwa umoya-mpilo, isikhutha kanye ne-nitrogen, futhi ubukhulu bawo bacishe bufane nobo bamagesi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zingqimba ezimbili ubukhulu bomoya ophakathi nendawo ungaphansi, okuqukethwe umhwamuko wamanzi kuphansi, futhi okuqukethwe yi-ozone kuphakeme.
I-mesosphere ungqimba oluvikelayo lomhlaba ngoba lubhubhisa ama-meteor amaningi nama-asteroid ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ingqimba ebanda kakhulu yomkhathi kunayo yonke.
Indawo lapho i-mesosphere iphela futhi iqale khona i-thermosphere ibizwa ngokuthi i-mesopause; le yindawo ye-mesosphere enamanani wokushisa aphansi kakhulu. Umkhawulo ongezansi we-mesosphere ne-stratosphere ubizwa ngokuthi yi-stratopause. Le yindawo lapho isendlalelo esiphakathi sinenani lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakhiwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwamafu ezingqimbeni eziphakathi nendawo eduze nezigxobo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amafu amnandi." Lawa mafu ayamangaza ngoba akha ephakeme kakhulu kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwamafu.
Uhlobo lombani olungajwayelekile luzovela futhi kungqimba oluphakathi, olubizwa nge- "goblin lightning."
Umsebenzi we-Mesosphere
I-mesosphere ungqimba lwedwala lasezulwini elisivikela ekungeneni emkhathini womhlaba. Ama-meteorites nama-asteroid asha ngenxa yokuxabana nama-molecule omoya ukwakha ama-meteorite akhanyayo, awaziwa nangokuthi "izinkanyezi zokudubula." Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amathani angama-40 ama-meteorite awela emhlabeni nsuku zonke, kepha ungqimba oluphakathi lungawashisa futhi lubangele ukulimala komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba lufike.
Njenge-stratospheric ozone layer, ungqimba oluphakathi nalo lusivikela emisebeni yelanga eyingozi (i-ultraviolet radiation). Amalambu aseNyakatho namalambu aseNyakatho avela ezingeni eliphakathiLezi zimo zinezinga eliphakeme labavakashi nezomnotho ezindaweni ezithile zomhlaba.
I-mesosphere iyisendlalelo esincane kakhulu somkhathi, ngoba iqukethe kuphela u-0,1% wesisindo somoya futhi ingafinyelela emazingeni okushisa afinyelela kuma -80 degrees. Ukuthinta okubalulekile kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka kule ungqimba futhi ngenxa yobuningi bomoya ophansi, kuqubuka izinxushunxushu ezahlukahlukene ezisiza umkhumbi-mkhathi lapho zibuyela eMhlabeni, ngoba ziqala ukubona ukwakheka kwemimoya engemuva hhayi nje kuphela ukubopha okune-aerodynamic. umkhumbi.
Ekupheleni kwe-mesosphere yi-mesopause. Ungqimba lwemingcele oluhlukanisa i-mesosphere ne-thermosphere. Itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-85-90 futhi kuwo izinga lokushisa lizinzile futhi liphansi kakhulu. Ukuphendula kwe-Chemiluminescence ne-aeroluminescence kwenzeka kule ungqimba.
Ukubaluleka kwe-mesosphere
I-mesosphere bekulokhu kuyisimo esinokuhlola okuncane kakhulu nophenyo, ngoba iphakeme kakhulu futhi ayivumeli izindiza noma amabhaluni omoya ashisayo ukuthi adlule, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iphansi kakhulu ukuthi ingalungela izindiza zokuzenzela. Iziphuphutheki eziningi zizungeza kule ngqimba yomkhathi.
Ngokuhlola nokucwaninga kusetshenziswa amarokhethi anomsindo, le ngqimba yomkhathi itholakele, kepha ukuqina kwalawa madivayisi kumele kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2017, i-NASA izibophezele ekwakheni idivayisi engafunda ungqimba oluphakathi. Le artifact ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sodium lidar (ukutholwa kokukhanya nobubanzi).
Ukweqisa okukhulu kwalesi sendlalelo ngenxa yethempelesha ephansi kuso-nezinye izinto ezithinta izingqimba zomoya- imele inkomba yokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuguquka kanjani. Kuleli zinga kunomoya we-zonal obonakala ngohambo lwasempumalanga-ntshonalanga, le nto ibonisa ukulandela abakulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamagagasi asemkhathini namagagasi adonsela phansi.
Ungqimba oluminyene kakhulu emkhathini futhi awukwazi ukuphefumula kuwo. Futhi, ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma ungagqokile isikebhe somkhathi, igazi lakho noketshezi lomzimba luzobila. Kubhekwa njengokungaqondakali ngoba kuncane kakhulu okufundwe nangenxa yokuthi kunezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene ezishaye kakhulu.
Amafu we-Noctiluscent nezinkanyezi zokudubula
Ku-mesosphere izenzakalo zemvelo eziningana ezikhetheke kakhulu zenzeka. Isibonelo salokhu amafu ayintandokazi, abonakala ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kagesi futhi angabonakala ezigxotsheni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu. Lawa mafu adalwa lapho i-meteor ishaya umkhathi futhi ikhipha uchungechunge lothuli, umusi wamanzi ofriziwe ovela efwini uzonamathela othulini.
Amafu angenabusuku noma amafu aphakathi nendawo aphakeme aphakeme kakhulu kunamafu ajwayelekile, cishe angamakhilomitha angama-80 ukuphakama, kuyilapho amafu ajwayelekile abonwa ku-troposphere ephansi kakhulu.
Izinkanyezi zokudubula nazo zenzeka kulolu ungqimba lomkhathi. Zenzeka ezingeni eliphakathi nendawo futhi ukubukwa kwazo bekuye kwaziswa kakhulu ngabantu. Lezi "zinkanyezi" zikhiqizwa ukubola kwama-meteorite, akhiqizwa ukungqubuzana nomoya osemkhathini futhi abangele ukuthi akhiphe ukucwebezela.
Esinye isenzeko esenzeka kulo mkhathi yimisebe okuthiwa yi-elf. Yize zatholwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-1925 futhi zaboniswa nguCharles Wilson ngo-XNUMX, imvelaphi yawo kusenzima ukuyiqonda. Le misebe imvamisa ibomvu, ivela ku-mesosphere, futhi ibonakala kude namafu. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi zibangelwa yini, nobubanzi bazo bungafinyelela amashumi amakhilomitha.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-mesosphere nezimpawu zayo.