Mauna loa

Phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu emhlabeni wethu sine Mauna loa. Ingenye yezintaba-mlilo etholakala kanye nezinye ezi-4 eziseziqhingini zaseHawaii. Igama lisho intaba ende ngolimi lwaseHawaii. Njengoba inezici ezithile ezithakazelisayo nosayizi omkhulu, kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, kuphela enkulu kunazo zonke ngokuya ngendawo nevolumu, ngoba kunezinye izintaba-mlilo ezifana neMauna Kea eziphakeme.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuqhuma, ukwakheka kanye nokwazi kwentaba-mlilo iMauna Loa.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ezinye zezindaba ezizungeze lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo zivela kubantu baseHawaii basendulo. Laba bantu babheka lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo njengento engcwele. Kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni njengoba injalo indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-5271 nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-120. Ngenxa yalezi zilinganiso ezinkulu siyabona ukuthi ihlanganisa kanjani cishe yonke ingxenye yendawo yesiqhingi saseHawaii.

Akuyona intaba-mlilo enkulu kuphela kodwa futhi iphakeme. Yize kunezinye izintaba-mlilo nazo ezikuyo le nethiwekhi yezintaba-mlilo ezikhona ezungeze iziQhingi zaseHawaii, lesi ngesinye sezikhulu kakhulu. Ngenhla kolwandle Inokuphakama cishe kwamamitha angama-4170. Lezi zilinganiso zihlangene nobuso nobubanzi zenza umthamo ophelele wamakhilomitha-skwele angama-80.000. Ngakho-ke, iyintaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni ngobubanzi nevolumu.

Idume ngokuba yintaba-mlilo yohlobo lwesihlangu enezici ezihlukile. Inokugeleza okuphakeme okuqhubekayo obekuvela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo yasendulo. Kuyintabamlilo ebhekwa njengenye yezinto ezisebenza kakhulu eMhlabeni. Kusukela yakhiwa, ibe nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okucishe kuqhubeke, yize kungenamandla amakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo yakhiwe yinde futhi inesisekelo salowo msebenzi nokusondela kwawo kubantu babantu. Lokhu kuyenza ifakwe eVolcanoes yephrojekthi ye-Decade, okuyenza ibe yindaba yocwaningo oluqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalolu cwaningo, kunemininingwane eminingi ngalo.

Inesimo sedome futhi igama layo kungenxa ye-caldera ebizwa nge-Mokuʻāweoweo. Le caldera inokujula kwamamitha ayi-183. Inemigodi engu-4 yokwakhiwa komhlaba eyakhiwa ukuwa kobuso obungaphezu kwekamelo elinomshini. Izimbobo zinamagama futhi zimi kanje: ILua Hohonu, iLua Hou, iLua Poholo, neSouth Pit. Amabili okuqala atholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-caldera.

Ukwakhiwa kwentaba-mlilo iMauna Loa

Siyazi ukuthi le ntaba-mlilo ingeyesibili encane eqenjini leziQhingi zaseHawaii. Siyazi ukuthi lezi ziqhingi zenziwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwamapuleti ama-tectonic. Ngokuqondile, kubangelwe ukuhamba kwepuleti lasePacific kunendawo eshisayo. Kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-30 edlule ngesikhathi se- Isikhathi se-Oligocene.

Ekuqaleni, iMauna Loa iqale njenge-volcano yasolwandle cishe phakathi kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-600.000 neminyaka eyi-1 million edlule. Noma kunjalo, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe le datha ilungile ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuthi izokwakha kancane ngaphambi noma kancane ngemuva kwalokhu okushiwo. Okwaziwayo ukuthi kube nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo nokude okudala ukuthi udaka luhlangane luze luvele phansi olwandle. Kwavela olwandle eminyakeni engaba ngu-400.000 100.000 eyedlule, yize izinga lokukhula kwalo belihamba kancane kusukela eminyakeni eyizi-XNUMX XNUMX edlule.

Kuyaziwa kusuka kumarekhodi ukuthi lo msebenzi wentaba-mlilo wawunamandla kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zempilo yawo. Njengoba ikhulile ikwazile ukumboza indawo enkulu kakhulu kepha ukukhula kwehlile. Udaka olugelezayo lweMauna Loa lwaziwa ivumele indawo enkulu ukuthi ikhiqizwe ezungeze umgodi wayo. Lokhu kuyisici sentaba-mlilo yohlobo lwesihlangu ekhiqiza ipulatifomu enkulu ebazungezile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweMauna Loa kwakuwukucindezela kwamanzi kulolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo. Futhi ukuthi lapho kuthuthukiswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, kuyaziwa ukuthi ingcindezi yamanzi ibavimba ekutholeni ukuphakama okuningi. Lapho ichopho selifinyelele ngaphezu kolwandle, ziyakhululeka ekucindezelekeni kwamanzi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho bekwazi khona ukudala ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okunamandla ukuthola izigaba ezintsha zokukhula. Isigaba sokukhula esikhulu sikaMauna Loa selokhu sakhiwa bekuzofinyelela olwandle. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi namuhla le volcano isesigabeni sokwakhiwa kwentabamlilo yesihlangu esijwayelekile.

Ukuqhuma kweMauna Loa

Njengamanje awukho umlando wokuqhuma okwenzeke ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, kunezifundo eziningi zesayensi ezikhomba umlando omude impela wokuqhuma. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kugxile kakhulu ekuqhumeni okuqhubekayo nokuncane kakhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuqhuma kokuqala kubuyela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi futhi kusukela lapho imicimbi eyahlukahlukene yokuqhuma yiyo eyenza ukuthi ithole indawo enkulu, ivolumu nokuphakama.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-98% wobuso bentaba-mlilo benziwe udaka lokho yaxoshwa ngaphakathi kushimula eminyakeni engaba ngu-10.000 XNUMX edlule. Lokhu yikho okwenza ukuthi ibhekwe njengomunye wabancane kunabo bonke kuketanga lwaseHawaii. Ukulandelelwa kwalokhu kuqhuma kwenziwa yiGlobal Volcanism yeSmithsonian Institution futhi kubalwe okungenani ukuqhuma okuyi-109 okuqinisekisiwe. Ukuqhuma kokuqala kusuka ngonyaka we-1843 futhi kusukela lapho bekukhipha okokusebenza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi cishe izikhathi ezingama-35. Siphinde sisho ukuthi udumile ngokusebenza kodwa ngokungabi namandla kakhulu. Ngokufingqa, kungashiwo ukuthi iMauna Loa iqhume kanye njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngentaba-mlilo iMauna Loa.