Siyazi ukuthi kwiplanethi yethu kunezinhlobo eziningi zezintaba-mlilo ezinezici ezihlukile nokuthi okungaphezu koyedwa kungasimangaza. Enye yazo yi UMauna Kea. Iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke esifundazweni saseHawaii futhi iyintaba-mlilo, uma ithathwa esisekelweni sayo njengesiqalo, ithathwa njengentaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uma sikubala kusuka kule ndawo, kudlule ngisho ne-Mount Everest.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo iMauna Kea.
Izici eziyinhloko
Igama likaMauna Kea livela eHawaii futhi lisho intaba emhlophe. Ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezindala kunazo zonke ezakha lesi siqhingi. Yintaba yesine endala kunazo zonke futhi ibhekwa njengentaba-mlilo engcwele ngabomdabu baseHawaii. Kuyintabamlilo lapho ungathola inhlobonhlobo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo enezitshalo zemvelo nezilwane zasendle, ngakho-ke inokubaluleka okukhulu kwamasiko nemvelo. Kubhekwa njengesiphephelo senani elikhulu lezinhlobo zendawo futhi akubalulekile eHawaii kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.
Esinye sezimanga lapho intaba-mlilo iMauna Kea ivelele khona ngoba inendawo ephakeme kakhulu kuneNtaba i-Everest. Kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni uma nje ukuphakama okusuka kusisekelo sako kubalwa.
Ihlukaniswa njenge-volcano elele. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-maphakathi yesiqhingi esenkabeni ye-Pacific Ocean. Iningi lesisindo sayo sisengaphansi kwamanzi, yingakho iMount Everest ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iphakeme kakhulu. Kusuka ezansi kuye ekugcineni kwangaphansi kolwandle, kungamamitha angaphezu kuka-9.000 ukuphakama, kodwa inani eliqondile alicaci. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuphakama kwayo kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-9.330 no-9.966, noma ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.000. Ngokwe-United States Geological Survey, ingamamitha angu-4.205 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umthamo wayo ucishe ube ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-3.200.
Iyintaba-mlilo emise okwezihlangu nesiqongo sentaba embozwe yiqhwa. Yebo, yize iHawaii kungeyona indawo ehlobene namakhaza, iMauna Kea ineqhwa futhi, phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, iqopha ukuwa kweqhwa (yingakho igama). Lezi zici zenza kube indawo ethandwayo ye- umkhuba wezemidlalo njengokushibilika eqhweni nokushibilika eqhweni. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo, ukwakheka komhlaba, umoya ohlanzekile nebanga elisuka emadolobheni amakhulu, kwafakwa izibonakude nezibukeli.
Ukwakhiwa kwentaba-mlilo iMauna Kea
Sikhuluma ngentaba-mlilo elele engavuka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi ngukuthi cishe zonke izintaba-mlilo ezingasebenzi zingavuka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi zingene emjikelezweni wokuqhuma futhi.
IMauna Kea ilinganiselwa ukuthi icishe ibe yisigidi seminyaka ubudala. Njengoba iyintaba-mlilo yesihlangu, yakhiwa cishe ngokuphelele ngokuqongelela kwezingqimba eziningi zodaka olunamanzi amaningi, ithululela nxazonke, yakha imithambeka emincane nobujamo obubanzi. Kodwa-ke udaka kuleli cala lubukeka kakhulu futhi kwakheka umthambeka omkhulu. Ngokuqondile, kuthiwa ibisesimweni sokulondoloza ngoba isingene esigabeni soshintsho, futhi umsebenzi wayo wokuqhuma wehlile eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-400 eyedlule. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi intaba-mlilo engasebenzi, ingavuka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Umsuka wayo uyindawo eshisayo eHawaii, indawo enemisebenzi ephezulu yentaba-mlilo. Ipuleti lasePacific lidlula kuleli phuzu, lapho kukhuphuka khona i-magma yokwakheka kwe-basaltic, ibhubhisa uqweqwe lwasolwandle futhi ivele njengodaka ngesikhathi kuqhuma. Ngalo mqondo, iMauna Kea yaqala njengentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi, kwaze kwaqhamuka izingqimba ezilandelanayo zodaka lwentaba-mlilo zayinika isimo sayo samanje. Iningi lesakhiwo salo sakhiwa ePleistocene.
Imisebenzi ye-post-shield yaqala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60,000 edlule; kuze kube yiminyaka engama-300,000, ngemuva kwalokho yaqala ukukhipha i-alkaline basalt.
Ukuqhuma kweMauna Kea
Isikhathi sokugcina lapho kwaqhuma khona iMauna Kea kwaba yiminyaka engama-4.500 4.600-XNUMX edlule. Yayisebenza kakhulu esigabeni sesihlangu eminyakeni engaba ngu-500.000 edlule, futhi ngemuva kokufinyelela esigabeni sesihlangu sangemuva, lo msebenzi waba nokuthula kwaze kwaba yintabamlilo elele.
Zimbalwa izimo eziqinisekisiwe zokuqhuma komlando; okungukuthi, cishe eziyisithupha, zonke ezenzeka ngaphambi kweNkathi Evamile. Cishe eminyakeni engama-4.000-6.000 edlule, kungenzeka ukuthi kwaqhuma imimoya engu-7 futhi imelela okunye ukuqhuma kwakamuva. Lo mcimbi wokugcina ngokungangabazeki wakhiqiza ama-cinder cones amaningi kanye nezimbobo ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu ngesikhathi esithile eHolocene.
I-Geology
IMauna Kea ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezinhlanu ezishisayo ezakha isiQhingi Esikhulu saseHawaii futhi isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esincane kunazo zonke e-Hawaiian Emperor Seamount Chain. Engqungqutheleni yayo, intaba-mlilo iMauna Kea ayiyona intaba ebonakalayo, kodwa uchungechunge lwezigaxa olwakhiwe ngomlotha nangetshe le-pumice. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunentaba-mlilo phezu kwentaba, eyayimbozwe yinzika yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okwalandela.
Intaba-mlilo iMauna Kea inomthamo wamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwama-3,200 futhi ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kangangokuba, kanye nentaba-mlilo eyakhelene nayo iMauna Loa, yakha ukudangala koqweqwe lwasolwandle olungamakhilomitha ayi-6 ukujula. Intaba-mlilo iyaqhubeka nokushelela futhi icindezele ngaphansi kwayo ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-0,2 mm ngonyaka.
IMauna Kea ukuphela kwentaba-mlilo eHawaii ene-glaciation eqinile, kufaka phakathi ulimi lwe-glacial kanye ne-glaciation. Ama-glacial deposits afanayo angaba khona eMauna Loa, kepha lawa madiphozi ambozwe ukugeleza kwamuva kwe-lava. Yize iHawaii isendaweni eshisayo, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okungu-1 ngezinga elihlukahlukene leqhwa kwanele ukugcina iqhwa phezulu esiqongweni sentaba kulo lonke ihlobo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke iqhwa. Kube nokuqhekeka kathathu eminyakeni engu-180.000 edlule, okubizwa ngokuthi UPōhakuloa.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngentaba-mlilo iMauna Kea kanye nezici zayo.