Iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ufike enyangeni selidale impikiswano enkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Abaphikisayo nabazungu bacabanga ukuthi konke lokhu bekuyinkohliso kohulumeni nokuthi inyanga ayikafinyelelwa ngempela. Kodwa-ke, sekuphele iminyaka engama-50 umuntu wokuqala eya enyangeni futhi lokho kwaphawula ngaphambi nangemuva emlandweni wakamuva wabantu. Abaningi bayazibuza mangaki amadoda anyathele inyanga kusuka lapho.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi mangaki amadoda ahamba enyangeni nokuthi enze muphi unyaka.
Mangaki amadoda anyathele inyanga
Imishini yokuqala eya kusathelayithi yethu yaqala eminyakeni engama-50 edlule futhi yabizwa ngo-Apollo 11. Kule mishini kwakukhona osomkhathi UNeil Armstrong, uBuzz Aldrin noMichael Collins. Bakwazile ukufika kusathelayithi yethu okokuqala futhi yisikhathi esikhunjulwa kakhulu yibo bonke labo abakwazile ukuzwa lolu hambo lomkhathi bukhoma. Siyazi ukuthi u-Armstrong nguyena owayenenkulumo edumile ethi "Isinyathelo esincane kumuntu, kodwa ukweqa okukhulu kuBuntu", kusekhona kuze kube namuhla ekukhunjweni kwabo bonke.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, osomkhathi abaningi bakwazile ukunyathela inyanga. Abaningi babo abaziwa njengabokuqala, kepha siyazi ukuthi sebebonke abesilisa abayi-12 bahambe enyangeni. Sizohlaziya ngasinye sazo futhi sitshele kafushane ngomongo abekwazi ukuhambela kuwo isathelayithi yethu.
UNeil Armstrong noBuzz Aldrin
Babephakathi kwabokuqala ukwenziwa imishini yokuqala nengasoze yalibaleka eyaziwa nge-Apollo 11. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngoJulayi 1969. U-Amstrong wayengumakadebona owaziwayo empini yaseKorea futhi kwaziwa ukuthi yindoda yokuqala ukubeka unyawo ebusweni benyanga. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemishini bekuwukufika enyangeni nokungaphumi emotweni ukuze unyathele ebusweni bayo. Khumbula ukuthi kunezinye izimo enyangeni kunasemhlabeni. Kumele ubone amandla adonsela phansi omhlaba. Abukho ubuningi obufana namandla adonsela phansi enyangeni njengoba bukhona eMhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ukushaya le ndawo kunzima kakhulu futhi kufanele uyiqeqeshele.
UBuzz Aldrin ubeyindoda yesibili ukubeka unyawo enyangeni. Ukuchitha inani lamahora angama-21 nemizuzu engama-36 ebusweni benyanga. Ngokungafani no-Armstrong, owayeyindoda egcinwe kakhudlwana, le ndoda yayithanda abezindaba nodumo. Lokhu kwenza kube yinto ejwayelekile ukumbona evela emphakathini futhi enza izitatimende mayelana nokuthi babehlala kuphi lapho.
UCharles Conrad no-Alan Bean
Lapho sizibuza ukuthi mangaki amadoda ahambile enyangeni, amabili okuqala odwa aziwayo. Lonke olunye uhlu esizoliqamba alwaziwa kangako. La madoda amabili ayenjalo labo abaphethe ukunyathela indawo enyangeni emishini eyaziwa nge-Apollo 12. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngoNovemba 1969. Kungenziwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kowokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi kulo nyaka isayensi yezinkanyezi yayisezindebeni zawo wonke umuntu. Bekungunyaka lapho umuntu ekwazi ukugqama ukuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi akwazi ukushiya iplanethi yethu anyathele inhlabathi engaphandle komhlaba.
Le mishini yahlangabezana nezinkinga ezithile lapho iqala ngenxa yesiphepho sikagesi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ufike ngempumelelo enyangeni.
U-Alan Shepard no-Ed Mitchell
Bangabanye osomkhathi ababili abakwazile ukufika enyangeni. Owokuqala kwaba owokuqala waseMelika owethulwa esikhaleni kanti owesibili kwaba owesilisa wokuqala ngemuva kweSoviet Yuri Gagarin. Ngokubambisana bakwazile ukubeka unyawo enyangeni ngoJanuwari 1971. Umsebenzi owenzekile wawaziwa ngegama lika-Apollo 14. Lo mkhankaso wakhunjulwa ngokuba nenye yezindawo ezifika kahle kunenyanga emlandweni. Umshayeli we-module wenyanga kwakunguMitchel futhi waba yindoda yesithupha ukunyathela isathelayithi. Yakwazi ukuqoqa cishe i-100 kg yamatshe enyanga phakathi nalokhu kuthunywa.
Mangaki amadoda aseke ahamba enyangeni: UDavid Scott noJames Irwin
Kumishini ye-Apollo 15 sinosuku lukaJulayi 1971, ngakho-ke kwaba ngomunye unyaka omuhle kakhulu ngokwesayensi yezinkanyezi. Babenama-protagonists ebusweni benyanga futhi babe ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa iLunar Roving Vehicle ekuhloleni kwabo. Ngale moto bakwazile ukuhamba ngobuningi obukhulu benyanga ukuze bakwazi ukwandisa ulwazi mayelana nesathelayithi yethu.
Kodwa-ke, le mishini yayinengxabano enamandla lapho laba osomkhathi bamiswa khona lapho bebuya. Futhi ukuthi bathutha ngaphandle kokumemezela noma yini ezimvilophu ezinezitembu zokukhumbula zemishini ngenhloso yokuthola imali. Lezi zimvilophu zathengiswa ngusomabhizinisi owayebaqasha noma njengesikhumbuzo senyanga ngamanani amakhulu. Ekugcineni, iNASA yathatha izimvilophu ezisele futhi yavumela osomkhathi. Njengenjwayelo, umuntu uthathwa ukuhaha nobugovu. Okuthile okubalulekile kumuntu njengoba kufanele kufinyelelwe kwisathelayithi yethu futhi sikwazi ukwazi kabanzi ngayo, kuba mnyama phambi kwamandla wezomnotho.
UJohn Young noCharlie Duke
Laba osomkhathi ababili bahola umkhankaso we-Apollo 16 ngo-Ephreli 1972. Njengoba ubona, kwakuyiminyaka embalwa ematasa yokuhambela inyanga. Owokuqala wayengusomkhathi oseke wasebenza isikhathi eside emlandweni futhi ushone eneminyaka engu-87 ebulawa yinyumoniya. Owesibili usaphila namuhla futhi cishe uneminyaka engama-83 ubudala.
U-Eugene Cernan noHarrison Schmitt
Babehola phambili imishini eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Apollo 17. Kwakuwumsebenzi wokugcina wenyanga. USchmitt angaba ngusosayensi wokuqala oqeqeshwe ukuthi akwazi ukuhamba emkhathini futhi ungumuntu wesibili ngemuva kukaNeil Armstrong. Kusukela lapho sinikezwe imisebenzi eminingi yokuya enyangeni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalo lwazi ungazi ukuthi mangaki amadoda aseke ahamba enyangeni.