Kwezinye izingxenye zeplanethi yethu, singabona uhlobo lwendawo yokwakheka komhlaba embozwe amadiphozi kasilika aqhutshwa umoya. Lokhu kubizwa ichibi loess. Ukuze lolu hlobo lwesimo sendawo lwakhiwe, mhlawumbe, kudlule isikhathi sezinkulungwane zeminyaka, lapho izivunguvungu eziqhubekayo zothuli zibeke khona le nto.
Kule ndatshana sizokwembula ukubaluleka kwethangi leLoess nezimpawu zalo eziyinhloko.
Idamu laseLoess nokwakheka kwalo
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, kuthatha isikhathi seminyaka eyizinkulungwane ukuthi umoya wakhe lezi zimali kancane kancane. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba sithola lolu hlobo lokuqeqeshwa futhi kuyisimangaliso. Lapho idamu laseLoess liweliswa yimifudlana yamanzi noma lisikwa ukwenza imigwaqo, ngokuvamile ligcina isakhiwo sime mpo. Yilapho ungenazo izingqimba ezibonakalayo ngokwemvelo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwediphozithi yeLoess kukhombisa ukuthi kunemithombo eminingana eyinhloko yeziduli zalokhu kwakhiwa: eyokuqala amadiphozi asogwadule aqoqana ngamandla omoya, kanti eyesibili yizikhukhula zezinguzunga zeqhwa. Le mithombo emibili yokuqeqesha ibhekele iLoess.
Idiphozi enkudlwana futhi ebanzi kunazo zonke eMadolobheni aseMhlabeni yilawo esingabona entshonalanga nasenyakatho yeChina. Lezi zinqolobane zenziwe ukuthuthwa komoya kusuka emachibini amakhulu ogwadule ase-Asia Ephakathi. Ezinye zalezi zakhiwo zinqwabelana ngamamitha angama-30 futhi kuyinto ejwayelekile ukubona. Ngobukhulu, isilinganiso sisungulwe ngosayizi wamamitha ayi-100. Le nzika iyaqoqeka futhi, ngokwesibonelo, yiyo enikeza umbala emfuleni ophuzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e-United States, ama-Loess deposits abaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi lapho ukuthuthwa kwensika kukhona khona amabanga amade. Isibonelo, eSouth Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri nase-Illinois, yizindawo lapho singathola khona lezi zakhiwo. Ziyabonakala nakwezinye iziQhingi zaseColumbia enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific.
Origen
Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokusatshalaliswa kweLoess nezindawo ezinkulu zezolimo zaseMidwest kanye nezwe laseWashington. Lokhu akuyona into engaqondakali nhlobo, kepha kuhlobene kakhulu nayo. Kungenxa yokuthi inhlabathi isuselwa kulesi simbi ukuthi lifakwa umoya kukhona phakathi evundile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwezinto, izakhi zomzimba nazo ziyaqongelela. Iba yindawo evundile kakhulu kwezolimo.
Ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka kumadiphozithi aseChina, aqhamuke ogwadule, lawo ase-United States naseYurophu angumkhiqizo ongaqondile we-glaciation. Ukubanda nokuncibilika izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, kuphakamisa ukwakheka kanye nokufakwa kweziduli ezikhulisa ukuthela kwenhlabathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lawo madiphozi akhiwa yizinhlabathi zesihlabathi awavundisi nakancane. Kuphela kukhulisa izakhiwo ezinamathafa amahle kepha anokuzala okuncane.
Umsuka wediphozi yaseLoess e-United States nase-Europe udoti we-glacial. Lapho izinguzunga zeqhwa ziqala ukuhlehla ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa, izigodi eziningi zemifula zivinjelwe ngezidiphozi ezifakwa emanzini ancibilikayo eqhwa. Kulokhu, i-ejenti ethutha indle ayisiwo umoya, kepha i-meltwater. Umoya nawo ubusunomsebenzi wawo, selokhu uvunguzele ngasentshonalanga, ushanele wahambisa inqwaba yeziduli ezazisemathafeni ezikhukhula.
Iziduli zazithuthwa zisuka kokuhle kakhulu kuya kokukhulu kakhulu. Ekuhambeni kwabo, bawe njengengubo emithambekeni esempumalanga yezigodi. Umsuka walezi zakhiwo ungafakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi amadiphozithi eLoess abonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo lapho kutholakala khona izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi eqhwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ithakaselwa kakhulu ezindaweni zemifula iMississippi ne-Illinois futhi iba mincane njengoba ibanga elisuka esigodini liqhubeka nokukhula.
Obunye ubufakazi balo mvelaphi izinhlamvu ezi-angular ezingabonakala zishisiwe futhi ezakha iLoess. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ziyefana nalezi esingazithola enhlabathini yamatshe ekhiqizwe ekugayeni izinguzunga zeqhwa.
Izici zomzimba zethangi leLoess
Lezi zimali zakha u-10% wayo yonke inhlabathi emhlabeni. Igama elithi Loess lisho ukuthi inhlabathi ivulekile futhi yakhiwa u-50% udaka nomunye u-50% wobumba. Njengoba amabanga ukusuka emthonjeni womoya ophumayo enyuka, amanani ezinhlamvu ezifakiwe ancipha futhi, ngakho-ke, amadiphozi ancipha ngobukhulu nangobude.
Imithombo ingaba yendawo noma ekude. Ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeLoess. Isibonelo, i-lime noma i-carbonate ezinye zezici zesici esizithola kuLoess. Uhlobo nenani le-carbonate esinalo lincike enqubweni yokwakheka ngaphambi nangemva kokufakwa kukadaka nemvula okuzihlanganisayo.
Njengoba evulekile, izitezi azinamandla kakhulu. Ziyaqina lapho zomile, kepha zisengabhidlika kalula lapho zifakwe emanzini. Inhlabathi ingaqukatha phakathi kuka-10 no-15% wamanzi nge-porosity ehluka phakathi kuka-34 no-60%. Lokhu kuguquka kuyashintsha kuye ngobuningi bobumba noma isihlabathi esinakho.
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, zifunwa kakhulu imali kwezolimo. Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi yokulima ibe lula futhi iqinisekise nomoya owanele ukuze inhlabathi ibe nezakhiwo nezimpande zezitshalo zikhule zisesimweni esihle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nediphozithi yeLoess.